The cell cycle

Question 1

mitosis

Answer 1

the process by which a cell divides to produce two genetically identical offspring from a single parent or organism

Question 2

asexual reproduction

Answer 2

the production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent or organism

Question 3

sexual reproduction

Answer 3

the production of offspring that are genetically different from the parent organism or organisms by the fusing of two gametes

Question 4

meiosis

Answer 4

a form of cell division in which the chromosome number of the original cell is halved, leading to the formation of gametes

Question 5

hsitones

Answer 5

positively charged proteins involved in the coiling of DNA to form dense chromosomes in cell division

Question 6

nucleosomes

Answer 6

dense clusters of DNA wound around histones

Question 7

karyotype

Answer 7

a way of displaying an image of the chromosomes of a cell to show the pairs of autosomes and sex chromosomes

Question 8

cell cycle

Answer 8

a regulated process of the three stages (interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis) in which cells divide into two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 9

interphase

Answer 9

the period between active cell divisions when cells increase their size and mass, replicate their DNA and carry out normal metabolic activities

Question 10

cytokinesis

Answer 10

the final stage of the cell cycle before the cell enters interphase again- division of the cytoplasm at the end of mitosis to form two independent, genetically identical cells

Question 11

chromatid

Answer 11

one strand of the replicated chromosome pair that is joined to the other chromatid at the centromere

Question 12

cyclins

Answer 12

small proteins that build up during interphase and are involved in the control of the cell cycle by their attachment to cyclin-dependent kinases

Question 13

cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)

Answer 13

enzymes involved in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating other proteins, activated by attachment to cyclins