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A-Level Bio vocab > Monosaccharides & Disaccharides > Flashcards

Monosaccharides & Disaccharides Flashcards

1
Q

Monomer

A

a small molecule that is a single unit of a larger molecule called a polymer

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2
Q

Tetrahedral shape

A

carbon atoms form this 3d shape as they have the ability to create 4 bonds with different atoms. This means carbon compounds can be rings, branched chains, or any number of 3D shapes

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3
Q

Polymer

A

a long-chain molecule made up of many smaller, repeating monomer units joined together by chemical bonds

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4
Q

Macromolecule

A

a very large molecule formed by polymerisation

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5
Q

starch

A

a long-chain polymer formed of glucose monomers

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6
Q

Sucrose

A

a sweet-tasting disaccharide formed by the joining of glucose and fructose by a 1,4 glycosidic bond

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7
Q

Glucose

A

a hexose sugar (sugar that’s made up of 6 carbons)

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8
Q

Monosaccharide

A

a single sugar monomer

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9
Q

Disaccharide

A

a sugar made up of two monosaccharides units joined by a glycosidic bond, formed in a condensation reaction

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10
Q

Polysaccharide

A

a polymer consisting of long chains of monosaccharides units joined by glycosidic bonds

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11
Q

triose sugar

A

a sugar with three carbon atoms

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12
Q

pentose sugar

A

a sugar with five carbon atoms

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13
Q

ribose

A

a pentose sugar that is part of the structure of RNA

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14
Q

Deoxyribose

A

a pentose sugar that is part of the structure of DNA

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15
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

a nucleic acid that is the genetic material in many organisms

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16
Q

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A

a nucleic acid which is the genetic material in some organisms and is involved in protein synthesis

17
Q

hexose sugar

A

a sugar with six carbon atoms

18
Q

isomers

A

molecules that have the same chemical formula, but different molecular structures

19
Q

condensation reaction

A

a reaction in which a molecule of water is removed from reacting molecules as a bond is formed between them

20
Q

glycosidic bond

A

a bond formed between two monosaccharides in a condensation reaction, which can be broken down by a hydrolysis reaction to release the monosaccharide units

21
Q

reducing sugars

A

sugars that react with blue Benedict’s solution and reduce the copper (II) ions to copper (I) ions, giving an orangey-red precipitate

22
Q

non-reducing sugars

A

sugars that do not react with Benedict’s solution

A-Level Bio vocab (62 decks)

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