Patterns of inheritance

Question 1

phenotype

Answer 1

the physical traits, including biochemical characteristics, expressed as a result of interactions of the genotype with the environment

Question 2

genotype

Answer 2

the genetic make-up of an organism with respect to a particular feature

Question 3

Homologous pairs

Answer 3

matching pairs of chromosomes in an individual which both carry the same genes, although they may have different alleles

Question 4

locus

Answer 4

the site of a gene on a chromosome

Question 5

alleles

Answer 5

versions of a gene, variants

Question 6

homozygote

Answer 6

an individual where both alleles coding for a particular characteristic are identical

Question 7

heterozygote

Answer 7

an individual where the two alleles coding for a particular characteristic are different

Question 8

dominant

Answer 8

a characteristic which is expressed in the phenotype whether the individual is homozygous or heterozygous for that allele

Question 9

recessive

Answer 9

a characteristic which is only expressed when both alleles code for it; in other words, the individual is homozygous for the recessive trait

Question 10

true breeding

Answer 10

a homozygous organism which will always produce the same offspring when crossed with another true-breeding organism for the same characteristic

Question 11

true breeding

Answer 11

a homozygous organism which will always produce the same offspring when crossed with another true-breeding organism for the same characteristic

Question 12

Monohybrid cross

Answer 12

a genetic cross where only one gene for one characteristic is considered

Question 13

codominance

Answer 13

in heterozygotes, where both alleles at a gene locus are fully expressed in the phenotype

Question 14

sex-linked traits

Answer 14

characteristics which are inherited on the sex chromosomes