Reproductive Isolation and Speciation

Question 1

speciation

Answer 1

the formation of a new species

Question 2

hybridisation

Answer 2

the production of offspring as a result of sexual reproduction between individuals from two different species

Question 3

allopatric speciation

Answer 3

speciation that occurs when populations are physically or geographically separated and there can be no interbreeding or gene flow between the populations

Question 4

adaptive radiation

Answer 4

a process by which one species develops rapidly resulting in several different species which fill different ecological niches

Question 5

marsupials

Answer 5

mammals that give birth to very immature young and then protect them in pouches

Question 6

monotremes

Answer 6

primitive mammals that lay eggs and feed their offspring with milk from mammary glands

Question 7

placental mammals

Answer 7

mammals that provide for the developing fetus during gestation through a placenta

Question 8

sympatric speciation

Answer 8

speciation that occurs between populations of a species in the same place; they become reproductively separate by mechanical, behavioural or seasonal mechanisms; gene flow continues between the populations to some extent as speciation occurs

Question 9

population bottleneck

Answer 9

the effect of an event or series of events that dramatically reduces the size of a population and causes a severe decrease in the gene pool of the population, resulting in large changes in allele frequencies and a reduction in genetic diversity

Question 10

founder effect

Answer 10

the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a small number of individuals become isolated, forming a new population with allele frequencies not representative of the original population