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Massage Therapy > the cell and tissues > Flashcards

the cell and tissues Flashcards

1
Q

smallest living unit of structure and function humans have 46 chromosomes/ 23 pairs in each

A

cell

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2
Q

largest cell in the human body

A

ovum

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3
Q

smallest cell in the body

A

sperm

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4
Q

3 main parts of a cell

A

plasma membrane. cytoplasm, nucleus

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5
Q

the external structure of the cell
AKA cell membrane

A

plasma membrane

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6
Q

the substance inside the cell
intracellular fluid

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

the command center of the cell

A

nucleus

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8
Q

gatekeeper or “bouncer”/ selectively permeable made of phospholipids and cholesterol

A

plasma membrane

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9
Q

cell glue “living matter”
contains the nucleus and organelles

A

cytoplasm

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10
Q

contains DNA
directs activity of the organelles

A

nucleus

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11
Q

controls mitosis
surrounded by the nuclear membrane

A

nucleus

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12
Q

nucleoplasm is the stuff inside of it

A

nucleus

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13
Q

this contains the nucleolus and chromatin

A

nucleoplasm

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14
Q

an organelle that consists of sacs and canals uses ribosomes to synthesize protiens

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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15
Q

an organelle that consists of sacs and canals synthesizes lipids and helps eliminate toxins

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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16
Q

an organelle
protien factories; RNA

A

ribosomes

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17
Q

an organelle that processes molecules from the ER packs and transports carbs and protiens

A

golgi apparatus

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18
Q

an organelle
powerhouse of the cell; turns glucose to ATP

A

Mitochondria

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19
Q

an organelle
digestive system of the cell gets rid of waste

A

lysosome

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20
Q

an organelle that is rod-shaped
assists during mitosis (cell reproduction); spindle

A

centrioles

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21
Q

an organelle
little feet to move material over cell

A

cillia

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22
Q

an organelle
moves the sperm cell; tail

A

flagalia

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23
Q

chemical used as energy in mitochondria
AKA adenosine triphoshate

A

ATP

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24
Q

fingerlike projections of the cell membrane that increase surface area and aid in absorbing substances from extracellular fluid

A

mircovilli

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25
Q

cleaner of the cell
aka suicide sacs (they sacrifice selves for the cell)

A

lysosomes

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26
Q

found in the nucleoplasm, it programs the formation of ribosomes

A

the nucleous

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27
Q

little bits of DNA immature genetic material

A

chromatin

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28
Q

during this process of cell division, DNA molecules turn into chromosomes

A

mitosis

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29
Q

a type of transport that requires cellular energy from ATP produced in mitochondria

A

active transport

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30
Q

a type of transport that involves a low to high concentration

A

active transport

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31
Q

a type of transport that involves no cellular energy

A

passive transport

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32
Q

a type of transport that involves a high to low concentration

A

passive transport

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33
Q

2 kinds of passive transport

A

diffusion
filtration

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34
Q

process by which substances scatter evenly throughout an available space

A

diffusion

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35
Q

2 kinds of diffusion

A

osmosis
dialysis

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36
Q

Diffusion of water across a Premeable membrane

A

Osmosis

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37
Q

Diffusion of water and solutes (filter)

A

Dialysis

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38
Q

Water and solutes are pushed through the membrane by hydrostatic pressure

A

Filtration

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39
Q

A type of passive transport
Example, coffee, and coffee maker

A

Filtration

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40
Q

Three kinds ____ ______

A

Active transport

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41
Q

A type of active transport
A.k.a. permease system

A

Ion pump

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42
Q

A type of active transport moves ions across the membrane against a concentration gradient

A

Ion pump

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43
Q

Proteins structure in cell membrane, called a carrier, created by energy in active transport

A

Ion pump

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44
Q

A type of active transport cell eats another cell

A

Phagocytosis

45
Q

A type of active transport cell sucks another cell dry

A

Pinocytosis

46
Q

Combination of solute and solvent

A

A solution

47
Q

Word for water only

A

Solvent

48
Q

Substance absorbed by solvent (dissolved substances)

A

Solute

49
Q

Three types of solutes

A

Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic

50
Q

More solute than solvent

A

Hypertonic

51
Q

Less solute than solvent

A

Hypotonic

52
Q

50/50 solute and solvent

A

Isotonic

53
Q

Cell implosion from hypertonicity

A

crenation

54
Q

Cell swelling from hypotonicity

A

Lysis

55
Q

Stages of cell division

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
PMAT

56
Q

Cell phase when most activities are carried on no energy used resting in terms of cell division

A

Interphase

57
Q

Phase of DNA replication when chromatin becomes chromosomes

A

Prophase

58
Q

Phase of DNA replication, when spindle fibers appear nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear

A

Prophase

59
Q

Phase of DNA replication when chromosomes move into center of cell

A

Metaphase

60
Q

Phase of DNA replication when chromosomes are pulled from the center via spindle fibers

A

Anaphase

61
Q

Phase of DNA replication everything divides cell division, complete

A

Telophase

62
Q

Four types of tissue

A

Connective
Muscular
Epithelial
Nervous

63
Q

Glia and neuron cells are in this type of tissue, rapid communication system and controls body

A

Nervous tissue

64
Q

Nervous systems cells supporting tissue for neurons “ nerve glue”

A

Neuroglia

65
Q

Nervous system cells it’s conducting units are dendrites and axons

A

Neurons

66
Q

This structure takes information to the neuron cell body

A

Dendrite

67
Q

This structure carries information away from the neuron cell body

A

Axon

68
Q

Three types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

69
Q

Striated, involuntary muscle tissue
Moves the bone

A

Skeletal

70
Q

Striated and involuntary muscle tissue
Dark bands called Intercalated discs

A

Cardiac

71
Q

Smooth and involuntary tissue (in blood vessels, hollow organs, intestines, bronchial tubes)

A

Smooth

72
Q

Type of tissue packed tightly little or no matrix little or no intercellular material

A

Epithelial

73
Q

This tissues function: secretion, absorption, and protection

A

Epithelial

74
Q

4 shapes of a epithelial tissue

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Transitional

75
Q

Epithelial tissue that is flat and scale like

A

Squamous

76
Q

Epithelial tissue that is longer than wide

A

Columnar

77
Q

Epithelial tissue that varies in shapes and stretches

A

Transitional

78
Q

Most abundant and widely distributed tissue, function: connects and supports

A

Connective tissue

79
Q

7 types of connective tissue

A

Fibrous areolar bone blood adipose cartilage hemopoietic

80
Q

Most abundant type of connective tissue

A

Areolar

81
Q

Tissue that includes collagen for tendons( strong, white, and flexible does not stretch)

A

Fibrous

82
Q

Has a calcified matrix hard and rigid osteons are the cells that make it up

A

Bone

83
Q

Hard but flexible, “firm plastic or gristle like gel” chondrocytes, are the cells that make it up

A

Cartilage

84
Q

A type of connective tissue
Liquid matrix carries nutrients and hormones

A

Blood

85
Q

The matrix of blood largest part of blood, carries water, salts, and enzymes light, yellow color

A

Plasma

86
Q

Forms red blood cells in lymphatic system sells

A

Hemopoietic

87
Q

Connects bone to bone

A

Ligaments

88
Q

Connects muscle to bone

A

Tendons

89
Q

Dilute salt water solution that bathes cells
AKA tissue fluid

A

Interstitial fluid

90
Q

The process of division of the nucleus involved in cell reproduction; cell reproduces itself

A

Mitosis

91
Q

The process of cell division that have the number of chromosomes in reproductive cells (ova and sperm)

A

Meiosis

92
Q

Single layer of very thin and irregularly shaped cells

A

Simple squamous epithelial

93
Q

Several layers of cells, closely packed protects body against invasion by micro organisms

A

Stratified squamous epithelial

94
Q

Proteins on the cell membranes, outer surface serves as___ for certain other molecules

A

Protein receptors

95
Q

This identifies a cell as coming from a specific individual due to its surface proteins

A

Plasma membrane

96
Q

A component of the plasma membrane that helps stabilize the phospholipid molecules to prevent breakage of the plasma membrane

A

Cholesterol

97
Q

Two processes of proteins synthesis

A

Transcription and translation

98
Q

Swelling due to fluids, trapped in body tissues

A

Edema

99
Q

A small particle of an element
Made up of protons, neutrons and electrons

A

Atom

100
Q

A combination of two or more atoms

A

Molecule

101
Q

Composed of two or more elements mixture, called matter, can exist, as solids, liquids or gases

A

Compounds

102
Q

Three types of chemical bonds

A

Ionic covalent and polar covalent

103
Q

Chemical
Forms complex molecules from simple molecules

A

Anabolism

104
Q

Chemical reaction
Breaks down complex compound

A

Catabolism

105
Q

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions, but not consumed or altered in the process

A

Enzymes

106
Q

Acidity or alkalinity of a solution is measured in

A

PH

107
Q

“Little organs”
The basic structures found in cells

A

Organelles

108
Q

Layers of collagen and elastin fibers of fibers are aligned in a different direction and each

A

Fascia

Massage Therapy (19 decks)

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