cardiovascular system 1 Flashcards
the pump that keeps blood moving through a closed circuit of blood vessels
heart
a triangular organ that is about the size of a closed fist
heart
the apex of blunt point of the lower egde of the heart lies on this
diaphram
the two upper chambers of the heart
Atria
the two lower chamber of the heart
ventricles
which are smaller and walls thinner and less muscular than the other
atria
they are often called the receiving chambers because blood enters into them through the viens
atria (upper chambers)
they are sometimes referred to as discharging chambers because bloods exits then into arteries
ventricles ( lower chambers)
cardiac muscle tissue making up the wall of each heart chamber
myocardium
a thin layer of smooth tissue lining each heart chamber
endocardium
Inflammation of the thin layer of smooth tissue lining each heart chamber
endocarditis
this can happen if blood flows over a rough abrasive surface
clotting
medical term for blood clot
Thrombus
the sac surrounding the heart that secretes a lubricating fluid that prevents friction
Pericardium
inner layer of the pericardium, covering the heart like an apple skin covers an apple
visceral pericardium/
Epicardium
outer layer of the pericardium, covering the heart like a loose fliitng sack to allow heart to beat
parietal pericardium
the medical term fro contraction of the heart
systole
the medial term for the moment of relaxtion of the heart
distole
the name given for the 2 valves that seperate that artiums from the ventricles
atrioventriculcar valves (AV)
valve that seperates left atrium and ventricle
mitral valve or bicuspid valve
valve that seperates right artium and ventricle
tricuspid valve
description of the sounds of a heart beat
“lubb dubb”/ “lub dup”
the first sound of a heart beat is the closure of ____ as the ventricles contract
AV valve
the second sound of a heart beat is the closure of the semilunar valves when ventricles relax
“dubb” “dup”
the 2 large veins that permit blood flow to the right artium
Superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
the ___ heart pump recieves oxygen poor blood from the veins
right
when ventricles contract, blood in the right ventricle is pumped into the
pulmonary artery
when blood reaches the lungs____ is added and _____ is lost
oxygen
carbon dioxide
oxygen rich blood from the lungs returns travels to the left artium of the heart through these
pulmonary veins
after passing the pulmonary veins, blood travels through the left AV or bicuspid valve into this chamber
left ventricle
when the left ventricle contracts, blood is forced through the aortic semilunar valve into this vessel
aorta
the heart acts as 2 separate ___
pumps
the type of circulation that involves movement of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
pulmonary circulation
the type of circulation that involves movement of blood from the left ventricle throughout the body as a whole
systemic circulation
these vessels permit blood flow to the heart cells
colonary arteries
the aortas first branches
colonary arteries
when a blood clot occludes of plugs up some part of a colonary artery
colonary thrombus
tissue death due to lack of oxygen to the heart muscles
myocardial infarction
medical term for a heart attack
myocardial infarction
severe chest pain that occurs when the myocardium is deprived of adequate oxygen
angina
a complete heart beat
cardiac cycle
Approximate number of heart beats per minute in healthy people
60-70 beats
heartbeats are coordinated by these types of signals
electrical signals
four structures embedded in the wall of the heart specialized to generate strong impulses and conduct them rapidly to certain regions of the heart wall; they make up the conduction system of the heart
-SA nodes
-AV nodes
-AV bundle
-purkinje fibers
known as the hearts natural pacemaker
sinus node
sinoatrial node
largest artery
Aorta
small divisions of arteries
arterioles
microscopic exchange vessels
capillaries
where the exchange of nutrients & respiratory gasses occurs between the blood & tissue finds fluid around cells
Capillary beds
blood travels from capillary beds to vessels that gradually increase in size to become veins
venules
they carry blood away from the heart toward capillaries
arteries
they carry blood toward the heart away from capillaries
veins
they carry blood from the tiny arterioles into tiny venules
capillaries
this carries blood exiting the left ventricle of the heart
aorta
these vessels return blood to the right artium after the blood has circulated through the body
vena cava
3 coats in arteries & veins
tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima
the outer layer of arteries & veins made of connective fibers that reinforce the wall of the vessels
tunica adventitia
the middle layer of arteries & veins made of smooth muscle tissue; this layer also includes a thin layer of elastic fibrous tissue
tunica media
the inner layer of arteries & veins made of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells
tunica intima
a single layer of squamous epithlial cells in the tunica intima
endothelium
these vessels have one-way valves
veins
what you feel when placing your fingertips over a artery that lies near the surface of the body adn over a bone or other firm base
pulse
when an artery expands & then recoils you can feel this if touching one o the several possible areas of the body
pulse
the structures that seperates the artiums and ventricles
septum
the medical device that monitors electrical functioning of the heart
ECG/EKG
the medical device that measures blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
extra sounds ( such as those resulting from faulty valves
murmers
which type of blood vessels have valves
veins
what slows venous return when people are standing
gravity
the expansion of blood flow when the ventricles push blood our of the heart can be palpated by pressing an ____ against tissue
artery
a faster than normal heart rate
tachycardia
a slower than normal heart rate
bradycardia
a term that means the thickness of fluid
viscosity
sensors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch that sense blood pressure, so that proper blood pressure can be maintained
barrow receptors
a type of mechanoreceptor sensory neuron that are excited by a stretch of the blood vessel
barrow receptors
massaging towards the heart
centipetal
movement away from the center of heart
centrifugal
