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Massage Therapy > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Two names for the irregular hollow tube of the digestive system that is approximately 29 feet long

A

G.I. tract
Alimentary canal

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2
Q

The breakdown or digestion of food material can be described as mechanical, muscular, hydrating, radiation, chemical, or biological

A

Chemical
Mechanical

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3
Q

The three kinds of processing that food undergoes in the body

A

Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism

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4
Q

List the seven accessory organs of the digestive system

A

Teeth tongue salivary glands, pancreas, gallbladder, appendix and liver

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5
Q

The hollow space within the G.I. tract

A

Lumen

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6
Q

The four layers of the G.I. tract from inside out

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle layers
Serosa

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7
Q

The wavelike rhythmic contraction of the muscular coat that moves food material

A

Peristalsis

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8
Q

The process of digestion begins immediately upon food entering the mouth through which substance

A

Salvia

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9
Q

This bony structure of the mouth is formed by parts of the Palatine and maxillary bones

A

Hard palette

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10
Q

This muscular structure located in the rear of the mouth assists in preventing food and liquid from entering the nasal cavity

A

Soft palette

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11
Q

Part of the soft palate this structure hangs down in the back of the mouth to assist in preventing food and liquid from entering the nasal cavity

A

Uvula

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12
Q

The tastebuds are located on these structures of the tongue

A

Papillae

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13
Q

List the tastes the sensory receptors of the tastebuds can detect

A

Sour, sweet, bitter and salty

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14
Q

List the four major types of teeth

A

incisors
Molar
Premolar
Canine

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15
Q

Medical term for chewing

A

Mastication

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16
Q

The name sometimes used for canine teeth

A

Cuspid

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17
Q

The name sometimes used for premolars

A

Bicuspids

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18
Q

The name sometimes used for molars

A

Tricuspids

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19
Q

These teeth are used for tearing

A

Canine teeth

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20
Q

These teeth are used for grinding and crushing

A

Molars and premolars

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21
Q

This is the small rounded mass of food once chewed

A

Bolis

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22
Q

The number of teeth most two year olds have

A

20

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23
Q

The number of teeth most adults have

A

32

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24
Q

List the parts of the tooth

A

Crown root neck

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25
Q

The hardest tissue in the body

A

Enamel

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26
Q

The three hard tissues of teeth

A

Enamel Dentin and cementum

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27
Q

The two substances of saliva

A

Mucus and savilary amylase

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28
Q

The digestive enzyme of saliva

A

Savilary amylase

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29
Q

The digestive enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates

A

Salvilary amylase

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30
Q

This structure is part of the respiratory and digestive system

A

Pharynx

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31
Q

The structure blocks food from entering the respiratory system

A

Epiglottis

32
Q

This structure connects the pharynx with the stomach

A

Esophagus

33
Q

A ring shaped muscle

A

Sphincter

34
Q

The structure is located at the end of the esophagus that keep food down in the stomach

A

Cardiac sphincter
A.k.a. gastroesophageal sphincter

35
Q

This disorder involving the opening in the diaphragm enlarging, allowing the esophagus to bulge or the stomach moving upward into the chest

A

Hiatal hernia

36
Q

This disorder involving reflux of the stomach contents into the esophagus

A

Gerd

37
Q

Once the bolus is broken down into a semi solid mixture by the stomach, the substance is called this

A

Chyme

38
Q

The stomach muscles runs in this direction

A

Lengthwise around and obliquely

39
Q

The folds of the stomach lining when empty

A

Rugae

40
Q

The three divisions of the stomach

A

Fundus
Body
Pylorus

41
Q

The part of the stomach that joins the small intestine

A

Pylorus

42
Q

Food is held in the stomach by this muscle

A

Pyloric sphincter

43
Q

Why is the small intestine named that since it’s 20 feet long?

A

The diameter

44
Q

List the three parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

45
Q

The multiple circular folds in the small intestine

A

Pliciae

46
Q

Tiny fingers covering the multiple circular folds in the small intestine

A

Villi

47
Q

Why is the small intestine covered with millions of these tiny fingers (villi?)

A

More surface area to absorb nutrients

48
Q

One in 10 Americans will suffer from this disorder of the digestive system

A

Ulcers

49
Q

Comb like structure on the villi that increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

A

Microvilli

50
Q

The C shaped structure of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

51
Q

Which organ rests in the C shaped structure of the small intestine

A

Pancreas

52
Q

One in 10 Americans will suffer from this disorder that sometimes results from rapid weight

A

Gall stones

53
Q

What kind of gland is the liver?

A

Exocrine gland

54
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

A

Liver

55
Q

The name to describe bile salts mechanically break up fats

A

Emulsify

56
Q

The structure concentrates and stores bile produced in the liver

A

Gallbladder

57
Q

If this blocks the common bile duct feces appear, gray white, and the skin may become jaundice ( yellow)

A

Gallstones

58
Q

What kind of gland is the pancreas?

A

Exocrine and endocrine

59
Q

Why is the pancreatic juice the most important digestive juice?

A

Digest all major food groups

60
Q

What are the pancreatic islets that secrete hormones?

A

Islets of Langerhans

61
Q

Undigested and unabsorbed food enters the large intestine from the small intestine through the structure

A

Ileocecal valve

62
Q

This has the consistency of soup and is found in the small intestine

A

Chyme

63
Q

Water and salts are reabsorbed here

A

Small intestine

64
Q

What carries out digestion in the large intestine

A

Good bacteria

65
Q

This is responsible for synthesis of vitamin K and production of some B complex vitamins

A

Bacteria

66
Q

What is vitamin K important for?

A

Blood clotting

67
Q

The length of time it takes for material to pass through the large intestine normally

A

3 to 5 days

68
Q

The condition that results from food passing through the digestive system to quickly

A

Diarrhea

69
Q

The condition that results from food passing through the digestive system to slowly

A

Constipation

70
Q

This is considered part of the digestive system, though it serves no important function in humans

A

Appendix

71
Q

This part of the digestive system contains lymphatic tissue

A

Appendix

72
Q

This part of the digestive system has a warm like shape

A

Appendix

73
Q

The large, moist slippery sheet of the serous membrane, that lines, the abdominal cavity, and covers the organs located in it

A

Peritoneum

74
Q

2 prominent extensions of the peritoneum

A

Mesentery and greater omentum

75
Q

List four examples of mechanical digestion

A

Chewing
Peristalsis
Swallowing
Defecation

76
Q

List for catalysts for chemical digestion

A

Saliva
Stomach
Pancreas
Intestines

Massage Therapy (19 decks)

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