nervous system

Question 1

two communication systems of the body

Answer 1

nervous and endocrine

Question 2

made up of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 3

made up of nerves extending to outlying parts of the body

Answer 3

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 4

regulates the body’s involuntary movements

Answer 4

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 5

two main types of brain cells

Answer 5

neurons and glia cells

Question 6

AKA afferent neurons; transmit to brain & spinal cord

Answer 6

sensory neurons

Question 7

AKA efferent neurons; transmit away from the brain & spinal cord to the muscle & glandular epithelial tissue

Answer 7

motor neurons

Question 8

AKA central or connecting neurons; conduct impulses from sensory to motor neurons; found within the gray matter of CNS

Answer 8

interneurons

Question 9

white, fatty substance; segmented wrapping around axon for protection and rapid conduction of electrical signals

Answer 9

myelin sheath

Question 10

form the white, fatty substance around some PNS axons; the outer layer encloses the myelin sheath & is called the neurolemma

Answer 10

Schwann cells

Question 11

glia cells with threadlike extensions; separate nerves & blood tissue (protects the brain from chemicals in blood); forms BBB

Answer 11

Astrocytes

Question 12

smaller than astrocytes, usually stationary, but an inflamed or degenerating brain tissue they enlarge & move to eat microbes

Answer 12

micro glia

Question 13

help to hold nerve fibers together & produce myelin sheath covering nerve fibers in the brain & spinal cord

Answer 13

oligodendrocytes

Question 14

indentations/ spaces between adjacent Schwann cells

Answer 14

nodes of Ranvier

Question 15

the outer cell membrane of a Schwann cell; important for the regeneration of cut & injured axons; not found in CNS axons

Answer 15

neurilemma

Question 16

group of peripheral nerve fibers (Axons) bundled together like strands of a cable; AKA white matter of PNS due to myelin

Answer 16

nerve

Question 17

bundles of axons in CNS

Answer 17

tract

Question 18

unmyelinated axons are also known as

Answer 18

gray matter

Question 19

thin wrapping of fibrous connective tissue surrounding each axon in a nerve

Answer 19

endoneurium

Question 20

the tough, fibrous sheath that covers the whole nerve

Answer 20

epineurium

Question 21

groups of the wrapped axons

Answer 21

fascicles

Question 22

thin, fibrous covering surrounding each fascicle

Answer 22

perineurium

Question 23

specialized type of neuron pathway; like one-way streets permits one to act on an impulse before the impulse reaches the brain

Answer 23

reflex arc

Question 24

AKA action potential

Answer 24

nerve impulse

Question 25

the beginning of dendrites of sensory neurons where impulse conduction normally starts & often located at the distance from the spinal cord

Answer 25

receptors

Question 26

group of nerve-cell bodies located in the PNS near the spinal cord

Answer 26

ganglion

Question 27

microscopic space separating the axons & dendrites of different neurons

Answer 27

synapse

Question 28

response to impulse conduction over a reflex arc, typically unlearned & involuntary

Answer 28

reflex

Question 29

3 structures of a synapse

Answer 29

synaptic knob, synaptic cleft, plasma membrane

Question 30

tiny bulge at the end of the terminal branch of pre-axon; each contains many small sacs or vesicles that contains very small quantity of a chemical compound (neurotransmitter)

Answer 30

synaptic knob

Question 31

narrow space that receives neurotransmitter molecules

Answer 31

synaptic cleft

Question 32

part of postsynaptic neuron

Answer 32

plasma membrane

Question 33

over 50 different compounds identified; chemicals by which neurons communicate

Answer 33

Neurotransmitter

Question 34

there are 12 pairs of them in the PNS

Answer 34

cranial nerves

Question 35

there are 31 pairs of them in the PNS

Answer 35

spinal nerves