Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LQB185 > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

deoxygenated blood return to the heart via the..

wrong blood goes to the right side

A

superior & inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk (wrong blood goes to the right side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The pulmonary trunk…

A

branches into the left and right pulmonary artery, pumps to lungs to get oxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the..

A

left and right pulmonary veins -> left artium -> left ventricle -> aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Valves:

A

open and close in response to pressure changes as the heart contract and relaxes. prevents backflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Right: tricuspid
Left: bicuspid
(we try before we buy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Semilunar valves

A

right: pulmonary valve
left: aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tricuspid

A

keep blood flowing in the right direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bicuspid

A

connects to aorta. helps the blood flow through the heart’s 4 chambers and out to the body or into the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pulmonary valve

A

one-way door from your heart’s right ventricle to the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

aortic valve

A

unidirectional flow of blood out of the left ventricle, the optimising of coronary blood flow, and preservation of myocardial function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pathway of blood - right side

A

inferior & superior vena cava -> r atrium -> r ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> L & R pulmonary arteries -> L&R lobes of lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pathway of blood - left side

A

L&R lobes of lungs -> L&R pulmonary veins -> L atrium -> L ventricle -> Aorta -> Systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

One cardiac cycle consists of the contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of both atria, rapidly followed by the systole and diastole of both ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Coronary circulation:

A

blood flow through coronary arteries delivers oxygenated blood & nutrients to the myocardium. coronary veins remove CO2 & waste from myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ECG

A

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Heart Rate

A

the number of beats per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stroke volume

A

the volume of blood pumped out of any one ventricle in one heartbeat ~70ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cardiac output

A

the volume of blood ejected from one ventricle into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. = heart rate x stroke volume. measured in L/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Arteries Structure:

A

thick walls, small lumen, thick layers of muscles and elastic fibres, no valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Veins Structure:

A

thin layer of muscle fibres, large lumes, thin outer wall, valves to prevent back flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Capillary Structure

A

very small & thin, semi-permeable walls

22
Q

Arteries Fuction

A

carries oxygenated blood away froom the heart (except pulmonary artery)

23
Q

Veins Function

A

Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart (except pulmonary vein)

24
Q

capillaries Function

A

diffusion of gases & nutrients from blood to cells of the body. Slow blood flow to allow exchange.

25
Q

why is BP higher in arteries

A

Heart is pumping directly to arteries. they must adjust their diameter to maintain blood pressure and to control blood flow.

26
Q

BP of 120/80 mmHg

A

Blood pressure is determined by contraction of the ventricles. Average blood pressure is 120/8mmHg. Systolic (highest pressure measured when ventricles contract) of 120 and a diastolic (lowest pressure measured when ventricles are relaxed) of 80

27
Q

short-term regulation of BP

A
  1. vasomotor centre
  2. baroreceptors
  3. chemical - hormonal
28
Q

long term regulation of BP

A

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

29
Q

Negative Feedback loop decreasing BP

A 
Stimulus: decreasing BP
Receptors: Barorecptors
Control Centre: Medulla Oblongata & Adrenal Medulla
Effectors: Heart & Blod vessel
Response: increased BP
30
Q

Feedback Loop increasing BP

A

stimulus: increased BP
Receptors: barorectors
Control Centre: cardioinhibitory & inhibit vasomotor centres
Effector: heart
Response: decreased CO & BP returns to normal

31
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

deoxygenated blood goes to lungs

32
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

oxygenated blood goes to entire body organ systems

33
Q

Conduction System

A

? SA & VA

34
Q

Action Potentials of Autorhythmic Cells **

A
  1. Sodium starts to entry (reaches -40 the threshold potential)
  2. Calcium enters the cell (reaches 0)
  3. Potassium leaves the cell
35
Q

Heart Sounds

A

S1 - AV - Lub

S2 - SV - Dub

36
Q

Cardiac Muscle (contractile cells) Action Potentials

A

Starts at -90

  1. Depolarisation due to sodium inside the cell become positive
  2. Plateau phase due to calcium influx keeps cell depolarised
  3. Repolarisation due to calcium inactivating potassium channels opening
37
Q

three factors that regulate stroke volume

A
  1. preload: degree of stretch of cardiac muscle before contraction
  2. contracility: strength of muscle
  3. afterload: pressure that must be overcome for ventricle to eject blood
38
Q

Effects sympathetic nervous system on heart rate

A

increases heart rate

39
Q

Effects of parasympathetic nervous system on heart rate

A

decreases heart rate

40
Q

three layers of blood vessels

A
  1. tunica interna/intima: innermost, incontact w blood
  2. tunica media: smooth muscle & elastic fibres - can cause vasconstrition & vasodilation
  3. Tunica Externa: outer layer, connective tissue
41
Q

Blood Pressure

A

determined by contraction of the ventricles

42
Q

Venus Return:

A

the volume of blood flowing back to the heart through the systemic veins, in response to the pressure generated by contractions of the heart’s left ventricle

43
Q

arterial blood pressure:

A

force exerted on the artery walls by the blood

44
Q

Systolic Pressure

A

Highest pressure measured when the ventricles are contracting (avg = 120mmHg)

45
Q

Diastolic Pressure:

A

Lowest pressure measured when the ventricles are completely relaxed (avg = 80mmHg)

46
Q

Venous Blood Pressure:

A

low pressure system does not rise and fall with heartbeat

47
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

increases BP

48
Q

Vasodilation

A

decreases BP

49
Q

Barorecptors

A

Pressure receptors located in carotid arteries and aortic arch, detects changes in BP which stimulates sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system to control heart rate

50
Q

RAAS

A

Renin-Angiotensis-Aldosterone System
The liver produces a protein (angiotensinogen), lungs produce (angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE))
If there is a drop in renal profusion. Cells detect this and produce Renin; renin causes conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I -> ACE -> angiotensin II

LQB185 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions