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LQB185 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Define Drug

A

a chemical substance of known structure, other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect

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2
Q

Define Medicine

A

a drug that is administered with the intention of producing a therapeutic effect

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3
Q

Define Pharmacodynamics

A

how the drug/medicine affects the body in some way

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4
Q

Define Pharmacokinetics

A

how the body affects the drug/medicine in some way

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5
Q

What are the 4 protein targets of drugs

A
  1. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR)
  2. Enzymes
  3. Transporters (carrier molecules)
  4. Ion Channels
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6
Q

Example of G-protein couple receptors (GPCR)

A
  • angiotensin II receptor

- beta1-adrencoreceptor in heart

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7
Q

Example of Enzymes

A
  • ACE

- Cox

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8
Q

Example of Transporters (carrier molecules)

A
  • nonrepinephrine transporter (NET)
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9
Q

Examples of Ion Channels

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

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10
Q

how to drugs interact with target proteins

A

generally, drugs bind to targets to activate them or block/inhibit them. drug effect if terminated by dissociation away from the drug target, metabolism, and excretion

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11
Q

What are the two types of drug actions?

A
  1. Agonists

2. Antagonist

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12
Q

Drug Action - Agonists:

A

Activate -> drugs binds to target & initiates changes in cell function, producing effects of various types

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13
Q

Drug Action - Antagonists:

A

Inhibition/Block -> drugs bind to target without initiating changes

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14
Q

Four factors influencing / stages of Pharmacokinetics (drug elimination):

A 
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
(ADME)
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15
Q

How can drugs be administered?

A
  • oral
  • sublingual or buccal
  • rectal
  • other epithelial surfaces
  • inhalation
  • injection
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16
Q

Oral administration:

A

Gut -> portal system -> liver -> metabolizes -> kidney -> plasma

17
Q

Types of Injections of administration:

A
  • Subcutaneous
  • Intramuscular
  • Intravenous
  • Intraperitoneal (rare)
18
Q

Percutaneous injection administration

A

skin -> blood

19
Q

Intramuscular administration

A

muscle -> blood

20
Q

Intrathecal injection administration

A

CSF -> brain -> blood

21
Q

inhalation

A

lung -> blood

22
Q

Metabolism of drugs

A
  • liver is main site
  • drugs are converted to more water-soluble forms for removal (detoxification)
  • additionally to the liver, metabolising enzymes are present in high concentration in the intestine, nasal, mucosa, and lungs
23
Q

Elimination/Excretion

A

GIT -> Liver metabolism -> kidney excretion -> urine

LQB185 (33 decks)

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