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LQB185 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

The Four Layers of GIT Tact

A
  • Mucosa (inner most layer)
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis Externa/Propria
  • Adventia/Serosa (outermost layer)
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2
Q

Muscosa:

A
  • Mucus secretion to lubricate food we have eaten
  • Nutrient absorption
  • Pathogen defense
  • Muscularis mucosa: thin muscle layer. Has villi to increase SA to helps movement and helps likeliness of absorption to occur
  • Gastric pits: secrete several things such as mucus, enzymes, acids etc.
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3
Q

Submucosa:

A
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Larger blood vessels
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Nerves that enter and exit the submucosa
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4
Q

Muscularis Externa/Propria

A
  • Segmentation & peristalsis
  • Two muscular layers: aid with segmentation & peristalsis
    • circular muscle
    • longitudinal muscle
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5
Q

Adventia/Serosa (outermost layer)

A

visceral peritoneum

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6
Q

List digestive Processes:

A 
Cephalic Phase
Ingestion
Propulsion
   Swallowing
   Peristalsis
   Segmentation
Mechanical/Physical digestion
Chemical digestion
Absorption
Defecation
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7
Q

Cephalic Phase:

A

digestion begins in brain, preps the body to begin the process of digesting food

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8
Q

Peristalsis:

A

rhythmic contraction & relaxation of different parts of the digestive tract which allows for the movement of food throughout the digestive tract.

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9
Q

Segmentation:

A

food moves backwards and forwards to increase rate of nutrient absorption

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10
Q

Mechanical/Physical Digetsion

A

there is no change to the chemistry of the food. It breaks up the food into smaller bits which then facilitates enzymes to act further -> more surface area available o enzymes to act on food

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11
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

enzymes chemically breakdown food

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12
Q

Absorption

A

nutrients are available to be absorbed. Absorption beings in the small intestine where most absorption occurs

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13
Q

Defecation:

A

removal of waste. Large intestine.

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14
Q

What enzymes break down Carbohydrates?

A

Salivary Amylase
Pancreatic Amylase
Maltase

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15
Q

What emzyme breaks down protein?

A

Pepsin, Trypsin & Peptidases

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16
Q

What enzymes breakdown Nuclei acids

A

nuclease & nucleosidase

17
Q

what enzyme breaks down fats

A

lipase

18
Q

Major Functions of Colon:

A
  • Absorption of water
  • Absorption of electrolytes
  • Absorption of metabolites/vitamins produced by bacteria
  • Store and eliminate indigestible food residues – defecation
19
Q

Accessory Organs:

A

Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder

20
Q

The Liver - Accessory Organ

A

structural unit: lobules
brick life pattern of hepocytes
radiate from central nerve

21
Q

Kupffer Cells (in the liver)

A

a phagocytic cell which forms the lining of the sinusoids of the liver and is involved in the breakdown of red blood cells & phagocytose bacteria & debris

22
Q

Bile (from liver)

A
  • alkaline solution

- aids in digestion (phospholipids & bile salts)

23
Q

Gallbladder - Accessory Organ

A
  • storage organ for bile & concentration of bile
24
Q

Functions of the Liver and Gallbladder:

A
  • Carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism
  • Processing of drugs and hormones
  • Bilirubin excretion
  • Bile salt synthesis
  • Storage
  • Phagocytosis
  • Vitamin D activation
25
Q

Pancreas – accessory organ:

A
  • Is a gland that lies posterior to the stomach
  • Produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids
  • Produces sodium bicarbonate which buffers stomach acid
  • Empties its contents into the duodenum
26
Q

phases of digestion

A

Cephalic phase: stimulates gastric secretion & motility
Gastric phase: neural & hormonal mechanisms
Intestinal phase: neural & hormonal mechanisms

27
Q

Mouth - functions:

A 
Ingestion of food
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Moistens and lubricates food
Some antimicrobial activity
28
Q

Pharynx - functions:

A

Propulsion of food
Oral cavity -> esophagus
Lubrication

29
Q

Esophagus - function:

A

Propulsion of food
esophagus -> stomach
Lubrication

30
Q

Stomach - function:

A

Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Antimicrobial function

31
Q

Small Intestine - function:

A

Absorbs breakdown products of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, along with vitamins, minerals, and water
Performs mechanical digestion via segmentation

32
Q

Large Intestine - function:

A

Absorbs most residual water, electrolytes, and vitamins, produces by enteric bacteria
Propulsion and elimination of faeces
Rectum -> external environment.
Faecal matter concentration & temporarily storage
Mucus secretion for ease of faecal matter passage

LQB185 (33 decks)

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