Skeletal System

Question 1

Skeletal System is made up of:

Answer 1

• mainly bone (osseous tissue), a dense connective tissue

- cartilage: provides flexibility & smooth surfaces for movement (semi-rigid connective tissue)

Question 2

Functions of Skeletal System:

Answer 2

• support
• facilitates movement
• protection of internal organs
• haematopoiesis
• stores & releases minerals and fat

Question 3

Organic Bone cells:

Answer 3

Osteogenic cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

Question 4

Osteogenic cells function & location

Answer 4

function: develop into osteoblasts
location: deep layers of the periosteum

Question 5

Osteoblasts function & location

Answer 5

function: bone formation
location: growing portion of bone, including peritoneum & endosteum

Question 6

Osteoblasts function & location

Answer 6

function: maintain mineral concentration of matrix
location: entrapped in matrix

Question 7

Osteoclasts function & location:

Answer 7

Function: bone re-absorption
Location: bone surface and at sites of old, injured or, unneeded bone

Question 8

Compact Bones - Alternative names

Answer 8

Dense
Lamellar
Cortical

Question 9

Compact bones - Location:

Answer 9

external layer predominately in long bones

Question 10

Compact bones- structural unit & features:

Answer 10

unit: osteon
features: lamellae & central canals

Question 11

Spongy Bone - alternate names:

Answer 11

Cancellous

Trabecular

Question 12

Spongy Bones - Location:

Answer 12

Internal layer, predominately in short, flat, & irregular bones

Question 13

Spongy Bones - Structural units & structural features

Answer 13

unit: trabeculae
features: honeycomb & supports bone marrow

Question 14

Compact bones - functional support

Answer 14

compressive forces

Question 15

Spongy Bone - functional support:

Answer 15

shifts in weight distribution

Question 16

Fibrous Joints - Sutures:

Answer 16

• bones linked by think layer of fibrous connective tissue
• bones have interlocking edges
• immovable
• often replaced later in life
  e. g. cranial sutures

Question 17

Cartilaginous Joints - Symphyses:

Answer 17

• articular bone surface lined with hyaline cartilage fused to pad of fibrocartilage
• compressible/resilient
• strong and flexible
• limited movement possible
  e. g. invertebrate disc

Question 18

Synovial Joints:

Answer 18

in synovial joints 2 bones are separated by a joint cavity which is enclosed in a fibrous capsule.
- freely moveable
- articulating surfaced of bones lined by hyaline cartilage
- synovial fluid fills joint cavity
accessory ligaments often present inside or outside joint cavity
e.g.

Question 19

Type of Synovial Joints:

Answer 19

• hinge
• ball and socket
• saddle
• planar
• pivot
• condyloid