Cells

Question 1

Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

• flexible yet sturdy barrier between intercellular and extra cellulaar
• contain cytoplasm
• comprised of phosphlipds and several proteins

Question 2

Membrane permaebility

Answer 2

• selectivley permeable
• lipid bilayer always permeable to small nonpolar, uncharged molecules e.g. O2, CO2
• transmembrane proteins act as channels
• macrocmolecules can only pass by vesicular transport

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

controls actions in the cell. contain DNA (Chromatin)

Question 4

Lysosome

Answer 4

breaks down food, waste, and worn out cells parts

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

fluid material that takes up space between the nucleus and cell membrane, holds the contents of the cell (organelles)

Question 6

nuclear membrane

Answer 6

controlls what entres and exits the cell’s nucleus

Question 7

cell membrane

Answer 7

controlls what entres and leaves the cell

Question 8

Vacuole

Answer 8

storage sac for water, nutrients, and watse

Question 9

Mitochondrion

Answer 9

produces energy (ATP) used by the cell from glucose

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

produce proteins

Question 11

cell wall

Answer 11

ridgid barrier provides protection, support, structure

Question 12

Nucleolus

Answer 12

located inside nucleus, where ribosomes are made

Question 13

Chomatin (Chromosomes)

Answer 13

contains the cell’s genetic material

Question 14

Golgi Body

Answer 14

processes and packages proteins and lipid molecules

Question 15

Passive Processes

Answer 15

• simple diffusion
• facilitated diffusion
• osmosis

Question 16

Active Processes

Answer 16

• active transport

- vesicular

Question 17

Osmosis

Answer 17

diffusion of water molecules from low to high conc. through a semi-permerable membrane

• no ATP
• dilution effect

Question 18

Active Transport

Answer 18

Energy derived from ATP changed the shape of a transporter protein which pumps a substance across a plasma membrane against its concentration gradient

Question 19

Simple Diffusion

Answer 19

• does not require ATP

- high -> low conc

Question 20

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 20

• high -.> low conc.

- uses channels

Question 21

Vesicular Transport

Answer 21

predominant mechanism for exchange of proteins and lipids between membrane-bound organelles

Question 22

Smooth ER

Answer 22

produces lipids, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 23

Rough ER

Answer 23

has ribosomes attached. produces proteins

Question 24

Concentration Gradient

Answer 24

the diff in conc. of a chemical inside & outside of the plasma membrane

Question 25

Electrical Gradient

Answer 25

the dff in conc of ions between inside & outside the plasma membrane

Question 26

Concentration gradient + electrical gradient =

Answer 26

electrochemical gradient

Question 27

cytoskeleton

Answer 27

microtuble and filaments/ maintains shape and internal organisation. aids in division, movement, & structure

Question 28

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 28

highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 29

Nuclear Pores

Answer 29

protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Question 30

Cytosol

Answer 30

semi-fluid substance filling interior of cell and is the site of multiple cell processes

Question 31

Free ribosomes

Answer 31

ribosomes not attached to ER Free ribosomes synthesize proteins that are released into the cytosol

Question 32

Proteins of Plasma Membrane

Answer 32

- Cholesterol - Transmembrane Proteins - Peripheral Proteins: - Glycolipids and Glycoproteins:

Question 33

role of Cholesterol in Plasma Membrane

Answer 33

provides structure and sturdiness

Question 34

role of Transmembrane Proteins in Plasma Membrane

Answer 34

allow entry and exit of molecule into and out of the cell

Question 35

role of Peripheral Proteins in Plasma Membrane

Answer 35

signals what is going in and out of cell

Question 36

role of Glycolipids and glycoproteins in Plasma Membrane

Answer 36

maintain sability. cell-to-cell recognition. signal to immune cells

Question 37

concentration gradient

Answer 37

the difference in the concentration of a chemical between one side of the plasma membrane and the other. movement of solutes, distribution of the number of specific moelcules

Question 38

electrical gradients:

Answer 38

is the difference in concentration of ions between one side of the plasma membrane and the other. distribution of positivley and negativley charged ions

Question 39

electrochemical gradient

Answer 39

concentration + electrical gradients