Immunity Flashcards
1
Q
Innate Immune System - Characteristics:
A
- non-specific
- rapid onset
- no memory
2
Q
Innate immune System - Components:
A
- mechanical factors (natural barriers: skin, mucous membranes)
- cellular factors (phagocytic cells, eosinophils)
- soluble factors (lysosomes, complement)
3
Q
Adaptive Immune System - Characteristics
A
- specific response (targeted)
- slow response
- immunological memory
4
Q
Adaptive Immune System - Components:
A
- cellular factors (lymphocytes)
- soluble factors (antibodies, enzymes)
5
Q
Signs of acute inflammation
A
- heat
- redness
- swelling
- pain
- loss of function
(SLIPR)
6
Q
An effective immune system must:
A
- Remain inactivated/switched off under normal physiological conditions
- Be activated by infectious agents and foreign particles (recognition of pathogens and allergens)
- Produce a tailored response to specific pathogen groups (extracellular versus intracellular)
- Respond at the site of infection (recruitment of immune cells)
- Be regulated (turned off when pathogen is cleared)
- Prevent/minimise damage to self-tissues
7
Q
Steps in Acute inflammation
A
- disruption to barrier integrity
- epithelial cell activation pattern recognition receptors signalling: production of host antimicrobial peptides
- activation of complement pathway: opsonisation, inflammation, killing
- activation of resident phagocytes: phagocytosis and cytokine production
- cytokines and complement activate local vascular endothelium: increased phagocytes, complement and HDP activity
- resolution of infection
- activation of adaptive immunity
8
Q
Active humoral immunity:
A
- Develops when the host immune system generates the immune response to antigen challenge
- May be naturally acquired if individual acquires infection or artificially acquired if individual is vaccinated
9
Q
Passive Humoral Immunity:
A
- Occurs when individuals receive preformed antibodies via direst transfer (artificially acquired) or by vertical transmission from mother to child (naturally acquired)
