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Neuro Rehabilitation > The Brain Basics > Flashcards

The Brain Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cerebrum responsible for?

A

It controls all of our voluntary functions

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2
Q

Which side of the cerebrum controls which side of the body?

A 
The opposites 
(Left = right side)
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3
Q

The left and right sides of the brain are connected by a dense set of nerve fibres called what?

A

Corpus Callosum

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4
Q

Name the 4 lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal

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5
Q

What is sulcus?

A

The grooves of the brain

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6
Q

What is gyrus?

A

The ridges of the brain

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7
Q

What are the three main sulci called?

A

Central sulcus, lateral sulcus, Lunate sulcus

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8
Q

What are the three main gyrus called?

A

Precentral, post central and superior temporal gyrus

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9
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Mainly motor =
Learned motor skills like writing, speech, thought, concentration, problem solving and problem solving.

Also voluntary actions like facial expressions, hand and arm gestures

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10
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Mainly interpretation of sensory information =

Touch, temperature, taste, spacial balance and navigation. Position of own body parts

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11
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A

Visual and visual memory

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12
Q

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Memories and emotion=

Generates memory and emotions (like hearing an ambulance), storage of memory

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13
Q

What is the brain stem responsible for?

A

Connects spinal cord to cerebrum.

Automatically regulates breathing, swallowing, BP, HR and posture, consciousness and alertness

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14
Q

What are the main arteries supplying the brain?

A

Internal carotid artery and ventral arteries

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15
Q

What makes up the Circle of Willis?

A

Anterior and posterior cerebral arteries
Anterior and posterior communicating arteries
Internal carotid artery

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16
Q

What is the brain stem made up of?

A

Pons, midbrain and medulla oblongata

17
Q

Where is the cerebellum?

A

Little brain at the back

18
Q

What is the diencephalon made up of?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland

19
Q

What is the grey matter in the brain?

A

Outer brain - Nerve cells

20
Q

What is the white matter in the brain?

A

Inner brain - covered in myelin sheath

21
Q

What is the somatosensory cortex?

A

It is a part of the brain responsible for processing somatic sensory input like touch, temperature, pain and procrioception

22
Q

What is the motor cortex?

A

A part of the brain which initiates the impulses to initiate voluntary muscle movement

23
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Acts as a sensory integration system - relays sensory signals from the body to the cerebrum

24
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Autonomic functions of the body - Sleep, wakefulness, releasing hormones and regulating temperature, appetite, thirst

25
Q

What does the basal ganglia do?

A

Coordinates and smoothens movements, cannot isolate movements. If this is damaged you can get PD.

Habit learning, cognition

26
Q

What is the brain meninges?

A

Wrapping paper which protects the brain

27
Q

What are the three layers of brain meninges?

A

Pia, arachnoid and dura

28
Q

What is CSF and what does it do?

A

Central spinal fluid

It protects the brain, gives buoyancy and excretes waste

29
Q

Where is CSF made?

A

Lateral ventricles

30
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

Refinement of fine motor limb movement, posture and balance

31
Q

What does the limbic system do?

A

Controls emotions like fear, anger, pleasure and sadness

32
Q

What does the midbrain do?

A

Motor movements (particularly of the eye and in auditory and visual, temperature and sleep/wakefulness)

33
Q

What does the pons do?

A

Connects upper and lower parts of the brain, message station between areas of the brain, relays from cortex and cerebellum

34
Q

What does the medulla oblongata do?

A

Regulates breathing, HR, blood vessel dilation, swallowing. Sensory and motor neurone from the forebrain and midbrain travel through here

35
Q

What is the reticular formation?

A

Mediates overall levels of consciousness (sleep and wakefulness)

Neuro Rehabilitation (20 decks)

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