The brain

Question 1

functional anatomy of brain

Answer 1

cerebrum, diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus), brain stem (medulla, pons, midbrain), cerebellum, the right side of the brain affects the left side of the body

Question 2

association fibres, commissural fibres, corpus callosum

Answer 2

association fibres- connect things in same hemisphere, commissural fibres- connect left and right hemisphere
corpus callosum- connects right and left brain

Question 3

what is the cerebrum

Answer 3

divided into 2 hemispheres by longitudinal fissure, outer layer made up of grey matter- cerebral cortex

Question 4

Cerebrum- cerebral white matter

Answer 4

association fibres, commissural fibres- corpus, internal capsule

Question 5

Cerebrum- central grey matter

Answer 5

basal ganglia- caudate nucleus, subthalamic nucleus, substania nigra, putamen, globus pallidus

Question 6

cerebrum- cell bodies

Answer 6

cell bodies lie superficial, the axons that come up the cell body is internal to cell bodies

Question 7

what is the frontal lobe

Answer 7

involved with control of behaviour (movement- planning executing), personality/ emotion, memory, gives us ability to remember things, and thinking ahead

Question 8

frontal lobe- speech- Broca’s area

Answer 8

located in left hemisphere, translation of speech, sends impulses to motor cortex

Question 9

what will damage to frontal lobe cause

Answer 9

frontal lobe could result in: expressive dysphasia, movement difficulties and personality problems

Question 10

frontal lobe motor areas- premotor area

Answer 10

initiation and planning of MVT, damage= apraxia- lack of ability to think and plan used

Question 11

frontal lobe motor areas- primary motor area or cortex

Answer 11

initiates and controls voluntary movement, motor homunculus- cortical map

Question 12

parietal lobe

Answer 12

involved with interpretation of somatic sensation, sensory cortex
origin, shape pressure, texture, body awareness, spatial awareness

Question 13

parietal lobe- somatosensory cortex

Answer 13

in front of lobe, responsible for making sense of sensory information from receptors- damage to this leads to problems with sensory information- gives spatial awareness

Question 14

position of different lobes in brain

Answer 14

frontal lobe- anterior aspect, parietal lobe- posterior aspect, temporal lobe- inferior aspect, occipital lobe- posterior aspect

Question 15

temporal lobe- behind ear

Answer 15

interpretation of speech- memory, receptive diaphasia- damage to this area, problem understanding what people have said

Question 16

2 areas of temporal lobe

Answer 16

primary auditory area- interpret basic characteristics of sound, e.g. pitch, rhythm,
Wernicke’s area- determines if a sound, music, or noise, interprets meaning of speech by translating words into though

Question 17

occipital lobe

Answer 17

involved with interpretation of visual input, it interprets intensity of light and dark, shape and movement of objects, colour, relates past visual experience with recognition and evaluation

Question 18

how does information get into the occipital lobe

Answer 18

information goes through retina, through optic nerve, goes to thalamus and goes to the occipital lobe, use info to link with memory to work out what is happening

Question 19

what makes up the brainstem

Answer 19

midbrain, pons, medulla- decussation of pyramids- pathways cross herre

Question 20

brainstem pathways crossing

Answer 20

sensory pathways cross on the way up, motor pathways cross as they go down

Question 21

brainstem role

Answer 21

important control centres- respiratory, cardiac, vasomotor, swallowing, gastric secretion, sweating
nuclei of cranial nerve, damage can be life threatening, vestibular nuclei- responsible for understanding where head are in space

Question 22

what are the 2 components of diencephalon

Answer 22

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 23

thalamus

Answer 23

principle relay station for sensory input- sensory relay station, executive assistant for sensory cortex, interprets some crude sensation

Question 24

Hypothalamus

Answer 24

regulates homeostasis through influence on autonomic system and pituitary gland, e.g. temp control

Question 25

group of structures in the limbic system

Answer 25

circulate gyrus, hippocampus- responsible memory of events, amygdala- responsible for anger, mammillary bodies

Question 26

importance of limbic system

Answer 26

important for controlling emotional responses to a given situation and memory- stimulates memory, linked to sense of smell- links with memory of people/ places

Question 27

stroke can lead too damage off

Answer 27

frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, brainstem, thalamus, hypothallus, limbic system, cerebellum

Question 28

symptoms of stroke

Answer 28

behaviour, motor speech, sensory deficit, speech hearing, sight, sensation (motor, respiratory and cardiac), autonomic NS, emotions/ memories, coordination and balance