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Head And Neck Anatomy > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Regions of the brain

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

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2
Q

Parts of forebrain

A

cerebrum, diencephalon

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3
Q

Parts of hindbrain

A

pons, medulla, cerebellum

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4
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • Cerebral cortex: motor and sensory integration, reasoning, planning, emotion, memory, self-awareness
  • Basal nuceli: voluntary motor movements
  • Limbic system: homeostasis, memory, emotion
  • Olfactory bulb
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5
Q

Cerebral Cortex-right and left hemisphere

A
  • Connected by commissural fibers
    • white matter (axons)
    • corpus callosum
    • anterior and posterior commissures
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6
Q

Cerebral cortex-gyrus

A

ridge of grey matter

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7
Q

Cerebral cortex-suclus

A

grooves between gyri

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8
Q

Cerebral cortex-fissure

A

major grooves that separate lobes

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9
Q

Cerebral cortex-lobes

A

major regions of the cortex, loosely grouped by function

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10
Q

Cerebral lobes-frontal lobe

A
  • reasoning, planning, motor initiation, production of speech, emotions, problem solving, self-awareness
    • pre-central gyrus- primary motor region
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11
Q

Cerebral lobes-parietal lobe

A
  • sensory perception and integration, orientation, recognition
    • post-central gyrus-primary sensory region
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12
Q

Cerebral lobes-temporal lobe

A

perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, speech

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13
Q

Cerebral lobes-occipital lobe

A

visual processing

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14
Q

Cerebral lobes-insular lobe

A

homeostasis, emotion, perception, self-awareness

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15
Q

Forebrain-Diencephalon

A
  • thalamus: relay area for sensory neurons
  • hypothalamus: controls autonomic nervous system
  • mammilary bodies: episodic memory
  • pituitary gland: endocrine gland that regulates growth, reproduction, and homeostasis
  • pineal gland: produces melatonin (circadian rhythm)
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16
Q

Brainstem

A
  • Cranial nerve nuclei III-XII
  • Reticular formation-coordinates CN, cerebrum, and spinal cord
  • Autonomic centers for cardiovascular and respiratory function
  • Long tracts connect brain with spinal cord
17
Q

Midbrain

A
  • Tegmentum
    • controls arousal and self-consciousness
  • Tectum or corpora quadrigemina
    • superior colliculi: optic tectum, coordinates eye reflexes and movements
    • inferior colliculi: auditory tectum, coordinates auditory reflexes
18
Q

Hindbrain

A
  • Pons
    • CN V-VIII
  • Medulla oblongata
    • turns into spinal cord at foramen magnum
    • CN IX-XII
    • Pyramids: contain motor fibers that decussate (cross) to the opposite side
      • left side of cortex controls right side of body
  • Cerebellum
    • modulates voluntary movement
    • facilitates rapid repetetive movements
    • coordinates posture, balance, and hearing
    • motor learning and speech
19
Q

Anatomy of cerebellum

A

2 hemispheres connected by a midline vermis

20
Q

Cranial nerves in cerebrum and diencephalon

A

CN I-II

21
Q

Cranial nerves in midbrain

A

CN III-IV

22
Q

Cranial nerves in pons

A

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

23
Q

Cranial nerves in medulla

A

CN IX, X, XIC, XII

24
Q

Cranial nerves in spinal cord

A

CN XIS

25
Q

What are ventricles?

A

spaces within the brain where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced

26
Q

Choroid plexus

A

modified capillary beds that form CSF (plasma ultra-filtrate from blood)

27
Q

CSF

A
  • acts as a cushion for the CSF, regulates blood flow to brain
  • CSF is returned to venous system (dural sinuses) by the arachnoid granulations
28
Q

Ventricles

A
  • Cerebrum: lateral ventricles (1 and 2)
  • Diencephalon: 3rd ventricle
  • Midbrain: cerebral aqueduct
  • Pons/medulla: 4th ventricle
29
Q

Ventricle flow chart

A
30
Q

Intracranial arterial circulation supplied by

A

internal carotid aa., vertebral aa.

31
Q

Cerebral arterial circle

A
  • AKA “circle of Willis”
  • arterial anastomosis
  • surrounds optic chiasm, infundibulum (pituitary stalk)
32
Q

Arteries that make up intracranial arterial circulation

A
  • opthalmic artery
  • anterior cerebral arteries
    • medial frontal and parietal lobes
  • middle cerebral arteries
    • anterior temporal lobe, insular lobes
    • most common site of ischemic stroke
  • posterior cerebral arteries
    • posterior temporal and occipital lobes
  • superior cerebellar artery
  • pontine arteries
  • anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
  • basillar artery
    • formed by merging of two vertebral arteries
  • vertebral arteries
    • posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
    • anterior spinal artery
33
Q

Cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) are most common in which:

Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)

Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

A

MCA

Head And Neck Anatomy (20 decks)

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