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Head And Neck Anatomy > Branchial Arch Embryology > Flashcards

Branchial Arch Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Oral Cavity: Stomatodeum

A

Primitive oral cavity

  • lined with surface ectoderm
  • forms b/w developing brain and heart
  • derivatives: oral mucosa, lips, gingiva, enamel, anterior pituitary
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2
Q

Oral Cavity: primitive pharynx

A

lined with endoderm

separated from stomatodeum by the buccopharyngeal membrane (disappears at the end of week 3)

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3
Q

Level of ectoderm-endoderm junction in adults

A

oral fauces (arches)

(back of throat)

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4
Q

Rathke’s Pouch

A

an ectodermal outpocketing from the stomatodeum

forms the anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

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5
Q

Posterior pituitary forms from

A

neural tube

(neurohypophysis)

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6
Q

Teeth begin to form during

A

week 6

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7
Q

Dental lamina

A

thick line of surface ectoderm along mandible and maxilla

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8
Q

dental buds

A

ectodermal primordial, forms enamel

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9
Q

dental papillae

A

neural crest derived mesenchyme, forms dentin and pulp

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10
Q

How many branchial arches form?

A

6 arches form around gut tube (visceral)

arch 5 degenerates (disappears)

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11
Q

How are bone, cartilage and connective tissue formed?

A

neural crest cells invade arches 1-3

laryngeal cartilages (arches 4,6) from LPM

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12
Q

How are muscle tissues created?

A

somites (paraxial mesoderm) invade to form muscle tissue

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13
Q

cranial somites (AKA somitomeres)

A

extrinsic eye muscles (CN III, IV, VI; GSE)

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14
Q

Occipital somites (AKA somitomeres)

A

tongue muscles (CN XII; GSE)

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15
Q

Myoblasts are from

A

cranial and occipital somites

migrate into branchial arch region, following NCC to form muscles of head and neck

CN V, VII, IX, X and XIc (SVE)

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16
Q

pharyngeal pouch

A

inside branchial arches, lined with endoderm

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17
Q

pharyngeal cleft

A

outside branchial arches, lined with surface ectoderm

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18
Q

Why are RLN’s found in the thorax even though they supply intrinsic muscles responsible for speech?

A

RLN is associated with branchial arch 6

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19
Q

Viscerocranium

A

(facial skeleton)

from branchial arch related neural crest

e.g. mandible, maxilla, zygoma, hyoid

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20
Q

Membranous neurocranium

A

from neural crest and somites (sclerotome)

flat bones of the braincase (crainial vault)

form through intramembranous ossification

e.g. frontal bone (NCC), parietal and occipital bones (PAM)

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21
Q

Neural chondocranium

A

from neural crest and somites (sclerotome)

bones of the skull base (basicranium)

form through endochondral ossification

e.g. sphenoid, ethmoid, petrous part of temporal bone

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22
Q

Sella Turcica

A

“Turkish Saddle”

depression in sphenoid bone

contains the hypophysis (pituitary gland)

basicranial bone posterior to the sella turcica is derived from sclerotome

basicranial bone anterior to the sella turcica is derived from NCC

23
Q

Hyoid bone

A

develops from neural crest cells

arch 2: lesser horn and upper body

arch 3: greater horn and lower body

24
Q

Laryngeal cartilages

A

(connective tissue from arches 4-6 comes from LPM)

thyroid

cricoid

arytenoid

corniculate

cuneiform

25
Q

Tongue functions

A
  • aids in ingestion of food (GSE)
  • sensory organ
    • tactile sensation (GSA)
    • chemosensation/taste (SVA)
26
Q

Muscles of tongue develop from

A

occipital somites

somatomotor (GSE) innervation from CN XII

27
Q

2 major regions of tongue

A

oral tongue (anterior 2/3)

pharyngeal tongue (posterior 1/3)

28
Q

foramen cecum

A

boundary between two regions of tongue

29
Q

innervation of mucosa of tongue is

A

GSA (from oral ectoderm)

30
Q

lateral lingual swellings

A

form mucosa of anterior 2/3 of tongue

arch 1 (CN V, GSA)

31
Q

medial lingual swellings

A
  • tuberculum impar from arch 1 (CN V, GSA)
  • hypobranchial eminence (AKA copula lingulae) from arch 3 (CN IX, GSA)
  • epiglottis from arch 4 (CN X, GVA)
32
Q

Taste bud development

A
  • taste buds come from endoderm lining the branchial arches
  • oral tongue, pharyngeal tongue, and epiglottis have different cranial nerves for taste (SVA)
  • Nerves that carry taste: CN VII, IX, and X
33
Q

oral tongue innervations

A
  • associated with arches 1-2
  • sensation (GSA): CN V
  • taste (SVA): CN VII
34
Q

Pharyngeal tongue innervation

A
  • associated with arch 3
  • sensation (GSA): CN IX
  • taste (SVA): CN IX
35
Q

Epiglottis innervation

A
  • associated with arch 4
  • sensation (GVA): CN X
  • taste (SVA): CN X
36
Q

Thyroid gland develops from

A
  • between arches 1 and 2
    • follicular cells from endoderm
    • parafollicular cells from NCC (pouch 4)
37
Q

Thyroglossal duct

A

thyroid gland descends through the developing tongue

(may give rise to cyst or fistula)

38
Q

foramen cecum marks

A

position of thyroglossal duct

39
Q

Primordial structures of face

A
  • frontonasal prominene
    • forms the nasal placodes/pits (nasal cavities)
    • placodes surrounded by medial and lateral nasal swellings
  • maxillary swelling (arch 1, paired)
  • mandibular swelling (arch 1, paired)
40
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A
  • CN V innervation of face
    • CN V1-opthalmic nerve
    • CN V2-maxillary nerve
    • CN V3-mandibular nerve
41
Q

Greater occipital nerve

A

C2-posterior scalp and neck

42
Q

Greater auricular nerve

A

C2-C3-angle of mandible, external ear

43
Q

Platysma Muscle- derived from and innervation

A

Derived from and completely surrounded by the superficial fascia

innervation: cervical branch, facial nerve (CN VII)

44
Q

Aponeurosis

A
  • flat, broad tendons
  • epicranial aponeurosis: connects occipital, auricular and frontal muscles
  • superficial muscular aponeurosis system (SMAS): distributes forces from superficial fascia muscles to the skin
45
Q

Facial nerve emerges from

A

(CN VII)

emerges from parotid gland

46
Q

Branches of facial nerve

A

temporal

zygomatic

buccal

mandibular

cervical

47
Q

Muscles of facial expression

A
  • facial modiolus: fibromuscular condensation
  • convergence of 8 muscles
    1. orbicularis oris m.
    2. depressor anguli oris m.
    3. levator anguli oris m.
    4. levator labii superioris m.
    5. depressor labii inferioris m.
    6. buccinator m.
    7. risorius m.
    8. zygomaticus major m.
48
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A
  • paralysis (complete or partial) of facial nerve (CN VII)
  • one-sided
  • ideopathic, possibly related to inflammation in the facial canal
  • loss of:
    • branchial motor (SVE) innervation to muscles of facial expression
    • taste to the anterior tongue
    • lacrimation (tear production)
    • salivation
49
Q

Arches Chart

A
50
Q

Pharyngeal Pouches and Cleft Chart

A
51
Q

Aortic Arch/Artery

A
52
Q

Prominence and Adult Structures

A
53
Q
A

Head And Neck Anatomy (20 decks)

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