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Head And Neck Anatomy > Cranial Autonomics > Flashcards

Cranial Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic Function in the Head Chart

A
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2
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A
  • Fight or flight
  • Dilates pupils
  • Controls arterial constriction and dilation
  • Stimulates production of viscous (respiratory) saliva
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3
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System: Thoracolumbar System

A
  • Pre-synaptic neurons have cell bodies in lateral horn of T1-T4 spinal levels
    • Axon in white ramus communicans and sympathetic chain
  • Post-synaptic neuron has cell body in superior cervical ganglion
    • Axon travels into head on carotid plexus
    • Axons travel with other nerves or arteries to reach their target
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4
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System: Post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons travel with… (chart)

A
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5
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System: CN–>Ganglion–>Target (chart)

A
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6
Q

Ciliary ganglion: Pre- and post-ganglionic PN neurons

A
  • Pre-ganglionic PN neurons
    • cell bodies in Edinger-Westphal nucleus (midbrain)
    • Axons carried by CN III
  • Post-ganglionic PN neurons
    • Cell bodies in ciliary ganglion
    • Axons carried by short ciliary nerves
    • Target: ciliary body, constrictor pupillae muscle
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7
Q

Ciliary ganglion: Sympathetic neurons

A
  • Post-ganglionics via internal carotid plexus
  • Travel with opthalmic a., short and long ciliary nn., branches of CN III and V1 to target
  • Targets:
    • dilator pupillae mm.
    • superior tarsal m.
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8
Q

Pterygopalatine Ganglion: Pre-ganglionic PN neurons

A
  • Cell bodies in superior salivatory nucleus (pons)
  • axons carried by CN VII (greater petrosal nerve)
  • Greater petrosal n. merges with deep petrosal nerve (sympathetic) to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal (AKA Vidian nerve)
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9
Q

Pterygopalatine Ganglion: Post-ganglionic PN neurons

A
  • cell bodies in pterygopalatine ganglion, located in pterygopalatine fossa
  • axons travel with V2 (zygomatic nerve) and CN V1 (lacrimal nerve) to lacrimal gland
  • Axons travel with CN V2 (pharyngeal, palatine, nasal nerves) to nasal, palatine, and pharyngeal mucosa
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10
Q

Pterygopalatine Ganglion: Sympathetic neurons-post ganglionic to lacrimal gland

A
  • internal carotid artery
  • near foramen lacerum, ICA plexus gives off deep petrosal nerve (merges with PN greater petrosal nerve to form nerve of the pterygoid canal/Vidian nerve)
  • travels with CN V1 and V2 branches from ganglion to targets
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11
Q

Pterygopalatine Ganglion: Sympathetic neurons-post-ganglionics to nasal/palatine mucosa

A
  • external carotid artery to maxillary artery
  • target: nasal and palatine mucosa

SN to mucosa may also follow the ICA/deep petrosal nerve/pterygopalatine ganglion route

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12
Q

Submandibular ganglion: PN neurons

A
  • Pre-ganglionic PN neurons
    • cell bodies in superior salivatory nucleus (pons)
    • axons carried by CN VII (chorda tympani)
    • chorda tympani travels with CN V3 (lingual nerve) to ganglion
  • Post-ganglionic PN neurons
    • cell bodies in submandibular ganglion
    • targets: submandibular and sublingual glands
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13
Q

Submandibular ganglion: Sympathetic neurons

A
  • post-ganglionics via external carotid plexus
  • travel with facial and lingual arteries to targets
  • target: submandibular and sublingual glands
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14
Q

Otic Ganglion: PN neurons

A
  • Pre-ganglionic PN neurons
    • cell bodies in inferior salivatory nucleus (medulla)
    • axons carried by CN IX via tympanic plexus (middle ear)
    • lesser petrosal nerve carries PN from middle ear, through lesser petrosal hiatus and foramen ovale, to ganglion
  • Post-ganglionic PN neurons
    • cell bodies in otic ganglion
    • ganglion found in infratemporal fossa, near external aspect of foramen ovale
    • axons travel with CN V3 (auriculotemporal nerve) to parotid gland
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15
Q

Otic ganglion: Sympathetic neurons

A
  • post-ganglionics via external carotid plexus
  • travel with maxillary and superficial temporal arteries to target
  • target: parotid gland
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16
Q

Gustatory Sweating (Frey’s Syndrome)

A
  • Localized hyperhidrosis (sweating) and erythema (redness)
  • In response to gustatory stimuli: eating, smelling food, thinking about food
  • Often occurs with surgical damage to auriculotemporal nerve (sensory branch of CN V3 traveling with PN from CN IX)
  • PN stimulation of parotid gland for saliva production also (improperly) stimulates eccrine sweat glands (normally innervated by SN)
17
Q

Vagus nerve: pre and post ganglionic cell bodies

A
  • pre-ganglionic cell bodies in dorsal motor nucleus of CN X (medulla)
  • post-ganglionic cell bodies in intramural ganglia (in/near target organ)
  • targets: cervical and thoracic viscera, abdominal viscera (foregut and midgut)

Head And Neck Anatomy (20 decks)

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