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Head And Neck Anatomy > Intro to Lymphatics and Autonomics > Flashcards

Intro to Lymphatics and Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Lymphatic System

A
  • Drain excess extracellular fluid from body and return it to the veins of the circulatory system
  • Mounts immune responses in body
  • Absorbs lipids from digestive tract
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2
Q

What is in lymph?

A

Interstitlal fluid and WBC’s, similar to plasma

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3
Q

Role of Lymph Nodes and What They Contain

Presence of infection?

A

Filter Lymph

Contain B and T cells (lymphocytes)

Can be enlarge in presence of infection

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4
Q

Primary Lymph Organs

A

Produce and mature lymphocytes (T and B cells)

Thymus and bone marrow

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5
Q

Secondary Lympohoid Organs

A
  • Store lymphoctes and initiate adaptive immune responses
  • Lymph nodes, spleen, lymphoid nodules in GI tract, tonsils
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6
Q

Structure of Lymphatic Vessels

A
  • similar structure to blood vessels: tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia
  • Have valves to prevent backflow like veins
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7
Q

Structure of Lymphatic Capillaries

A

are like cardoivascular cappillaries and have only a monolayer of endothelium

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8
Q

Afferent Lymphatic Vessels

A

Drain from capillary beds towards lymph node

Found only with lymph nodes

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9
Q

Efferent Lymphatic Vessels

A

Drain away from lymph node towards venous system

Found with nodes and in the spleen and thymus

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10
Q

Flow of Lymphatic System

A
  1. Lymph vessels collect extracellular fluid in capillary beds
  2. Lymph flows to nodes via afferent vessels
  3. Lymph is filtered in nodes
  4. Lymph flows towards venous system via efferent vessels
  5. Lymph is returned to circulatory system at the subclavian veins
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11
Q

Right Lymphatic Ducts Drain Into:

A

Right subclacian vein

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12
Q

Left jugular trunk drains to

A

Left thoracic duct

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13
Q

Thoracic duct drains

A

at the junction of the L. subclavian and left internal jugular v.

drains left side of neck, head, thorax; left upper limb and all of abdomen and lower limbs into left subcalvian vien

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14
Q

Cisterna Chyli

A

dilation at the inferior end of the thoracic duct, receives lymph from abdomen, pelvis and lower limbs

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15
Q

Right upper limb drains through

A

small symphatic trunks to right subclavian vein

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16
Q

Oral cavity drains to

A

to parotid, submandibular, submental and superior DCLN nodes

S3P DCLN

17
Q

Deep cervical lymph nodes drain

A

lymph from head and neck, either directly or indirectly through other nodes

18
Q

Deep cervical lymph nodes found

A

along internal jugular vein and inside carotid sheath

19
Q

Superior DCLN drains

A

face, oral cavity, anterior neck

20
Q

Inferior DCLN drains

A

Drains posterior scalp and neck

21
Q

Jugular trunk (left and right)

A

Superior and inferior DCLN efferent vessels join to form the jugular trunk

Left: drains the thoracic duct

Right: Drains to venous angle of subclavian and internal jugular veins

22
Q

Sentinel node

A

First node biopsied to determine tumor stage

23
Q

Signal node (of Virchow)

A

Nodes that surround thoracic duct in left supraclavicular fossa

indicative of metastasis of abdominal cancer

24
Q

After entering the venous system, where do cancer cells metastasize to?

A

Brain, bone, lung and liver

25
Q

Functions of Sympathetic Nervous System

A

“Fight or Flight”

Dilates pupils

controls arterial constriction and dilation in periphery

dilates bronchi

initiates ejaculation

26
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System: Thoracolumbar System

A

Pre-synaptic neuron has cell body in lateral horn of T1-L2 spinal levels

axon in white ramus communicans

post-synaptic neuron has cell body in sympathetic chain ganglion (paravertebral ganglion) or in a pre-vertabral ganglion (GI tract only)

Axons travel with other nerves to their target

27
Q

White Ramus Comminicans

A

Contains the axon of pre-ganglionic sympathtic neurons headed towards the sympathetic chain

28
Q

Grey Ramus Communicans

A

Contains the axons of post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons headed towards their target organ

29
Q

Sympathetic Chain/Splanchnic Nerve

A

Not all sympthatetic neurons synapse at the chain ganglion corresponding to their spinal level –> some ascend through the sympathetic chain to reach the head and neck

The connection between ganglia is called the sympathetic chain and is found in the thorax and neck

Nerves will also descend to reach the abdomen and pelvis –> splanchnic nerves

30
Q

Cervical Sympathetic Chain Composed of

A
  • Sympathetic axons
    • Pre-synaptoc neurons have cell bodies in upper thoracic spinal levels (T1-T4)
    • Targets of neurons in servical chain: head, neck and heart
31
Q

Cervical Chain Ganglia:

(superior/middle/inferior)

A
  • SN cell bodies
    • Superior: Found at C2/C3 vertabrae
    • Middle: Found at C6 vertabrae
    • Inferior: Found at C7 vertabrae
      • Sometimes fuses with the T1 ganglion to form the stallate ganglion
32
Q

SN to Head

A

Presynaptic cells bodies in T1-T4

Ascend in cervical sympathetic chain

synapse in superior cervical ganglion

Post-synaptic axons travel to head in carotid plexus

33
Q

SN to Neck

A

Presynaptic cell bodies in T1-T4

ascend in cervical sympathetic chain

Synapse in inferior and middle cervical ganglia

Post-synaptic axons travel to target on other nerves

34
Q

SN to Heart

A

Presynaptic cell bodies to T1-T6

ascend in cervical sympathetic chain

synapse in superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia

post-synaptic axons descend to heat as cardiac nerves

35
Q

Horner’s syndrome (causes and symptoms)

A
  • disruption of sympathetic nerves to head
  • causes
    • damage to sympathetic chain
    • damage to pre-ganglionic neurons in spinal cord
  • symptons
    • ptosis (drooping eyelid)
    • miosis (constricted pupil)
    • anhidrosis (decreased sweating) on face
36
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System Functions

A
  • Constricts pupils
  • decreases cardiac and respiratory rates
  • constricts bronchi
  • stimulates digestion
  • relaxes urethral sphincter
  • initiates arousal and erection
37
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System: Craniosacral System-Cranial Components

A

to head, neck, thorax, and most of GI tract

  • Pre-synaptic neuron: cell body in brainstem nuclei of CN III, VII, IX, and X
  • Post-Synaptic neuron has cell body in cranial ganglia (head and neck) or in intramural ganglion (in wall of target organ)
  • Axons travel with other nerves to their target
38
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System: Craniosacral System-Sacral Component

A

to hindgut and pelvis

  • pre-synaptic neuron has cell body in laternal horn of S1-S3 spinal levels
  • Post-synaptic neuron has cell body intramural ganglion (wall of target organ)
39
Q

Parasympathetic nerves of head and neck are carried by cranial nerves:

A
  • CN III: oculomotor nerve
  • CN VII: facial nerve
  • CN IX: glossopharyngeal nerve
  • CN X: vagus nerve
    • all PN to neck and thorax carried by CN X

Head And Neck Anatomy (20 decks)

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