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Head And Neck Anatomy > Fascia and Viscera of the Neck > Flashcards

Fascia and Viscera of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is fascia?

A
  • Type of connective tissue
    • Dense regular CT
    • Formed primarily of collagen
    • organized into sheets or bands
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2
Q

Types of fascia

A

Superficial: subcutis layer of the skin, loose fascia and fat

Deep (investing): surrounds muscles, bones and neurovascalature

Visceral: envelops and suspends organs

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3
Q

Potential spaces

A

Fascial layers form potential spaces between layers that are normally pressed together

abnormally, these spaces may fill with gas/fluid to create actual spaces

e.g. pleural space, fascial spaces, subdural space

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4
Q

Fascia Layers of the Neck

A

superficial cervical fascia

deep cervical fascia

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5
Q

Platysma muscle

A

derived from superficial fascia

cells from the embryo somite (myotome, hypomere) invade the superficial fascia to form this muscle

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6
Q

Deep Cervical Fascia Layers

A

Outer (investing) layer

middle layer

visceral layer

inner layer (preventebral)

carotid sheaths

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7
Q

outer (investing) layer

A

surrounds SCM and trapezius muscles

surrounds parotid and submandibular glands as parotidomasseteric fascia

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8
Q

middle layer

A

Surrounds strap (infrahyoid) mm.

sternothyroid m.

sternohyroid m.

thyrohyoid m.

omohyoid m.

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9
Q

visceral layer

A

Surrounds pharynx, larynx, trachea and esophagus

pretracheal fascia (anterior)

buccopharyngeal fascia (posterior)

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10
Q

inner layer

A

surrounds vertebral column and paraspinous mm.

AKA prevertebral fascia

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11
Q

Carotid Sheaths

A
  • Formed by components of middle, visceral and inner layers
  • surround carotid a., interal jugular v., vagus n. (CNX), deep cervical lymph nodes
  • the sympathetic chain and ansa cervicalis are embedded in the fascia but not inside the sheath
  • joined by the alar fascia, which crosses the midline
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12
Q

Retropharyngeal Space

A

Between buccopharyngeal and alar fasciae

divided down the middle by a septum (unilateral infections)

posterior to pharynx

extends into the superior mediastinum

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13
Q

Alar Space - “Danger Space”

A

Between alar and prevertabral fasciae

extends into thorax, ends at diaphragm

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14
Q

True or False

Only the Superficial cervical fascial envelops the entire head as the superficial crancial fascia

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Deep Fascia of Head

Outer layer becomes

Inner layer becomes

A

Outer layer becomes parotidomasseteric and temporal fascial, also covers pterygoid mm.

visceral layer: buccopharngeal fascia covers the buccinator m.

other layers not repesents in head

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16
Q

Buccal Space

A

Between buccopharyngeal and superfical cranial fasciae

17
Q

Vestibular Space

A

Between oral mucosa and buccinator muscle

18
Q

Dental infections spread to

A

Buccal and vestibular spaces and into the retropharyngeal space

19
Q

Infections of tonsilar ring can spread…

A

into retropharnygeal space

20
Q

advanced retropharyngeal infections spread

A

into the alar (danger) space

21
Q

alar / danger space infections spread

A

spread to thorax and heart

22
Q

Carotid sheath contents

A

common carotid artery

internal jugular vein

vagus nerve (CNX)

deep cerival lymph nodes

sympathetic chains and ansa cervicalis are embedded in carotid sheath fascia but are not inside the sheath

23
Q

Common Carotid Artery: splits into

A

internal and external carotid arteries at the level:

C4 vertabrae and upper thyroid cartilage

24
Q

Carotid Sinus (Common Carotid Artery)

A

baroreceptors (blood pressure)

carotid sinuses clogged? stick a bar in it

25
Q

Carotid Body (Common Carotid Artery)

A

Chemoreceptors (O2 CO2)

chemo hurts carotid body

26
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) (Common Carotid Artery)

A

GVA innervation

27
Q

Syncope

A

Fainting

Caused by decreased blood flow to brain (due to low blood pressure or low blood O2)

can be caused by compression of the carotid body

other types of syncope: orthostatic, cardiac arythmias

28
Q

External Carotid Artery

A
  • To neck, face and meninges
    • Superior thyroid a.
    • ascending pharyngeal a.
    • lingual a.
    • facial a.
    • occipital a.
    • posterior auricular a.
    • maxillary a.
    • superficial temporal a.
29
Q

Carotid Endarterectomy

A

Surgical correction of stenosis (narrowing) and/or removal of plaques from carotid arteries

blockage of the carotids is a high risk factor for strokes

rupture of the plaques can travel up the internal carotid artery to the brain and become lodged in the cerebral arteries

30
Q

layers of cervical viscera

A

endocrine layer: thyroid and parathyroid glands

respiratory layer: larynx and trachea

alimentary layer: pharynx and esophagus

31
Q

thyroid gland

A

largest endocrine gland

2 lobes connected by an isthmus

produces thyroid hormone (metabolism) and calcitonin (calcium metabolism)

develops at base of tongue then descends into neck

32
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

superior and inferior pairs

produce PTH - phosphorous and calcium metabolism

targets the skeleton, kidney and intestines

33
Q

Common complication of thyroid biopsies

A

is RLN palsy, a unilateral and often temporary
(due to swelling) weakness of the vocal cords

34
Q

Larynx

A

Organ of voice production

SVE innervation from the vagus n. (CNX)

Laryngeal skeleton made of hyaline cartilage

35
Q

Trachea

A

Upper respiratory tract

supported by tracheal rings

36
Q

Pharynx

A
  • muscular tube that connects nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx
  • innervated by pharyngeal plexus
    • GVA - CNIX
    • SVE - CNX
37
Q

Esophagus

A

Muscular tube that connects pharynx to stomach

cervical portion (upper 1/3) is skeletal muscle (SVE CNX)

Thoracic portion (lower 2/3) is smooth muscle (GVE CNX)

38
Q

Salivary Glands

A
  • Exocrine glands
  • produce salivia (digestive enzyme)
    • amylase - breaks down complex starches/carbs
    • beginning of chemical digestion
  • heavily vascularized, surrounded by lymph nodes

Head And Neck Anatomy (20 decks)

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