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head and neck anatomy > Intro To Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Intro To Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

bone, ligaments,tendons, blood

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2
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Elastic, fibrocartilage, hyaline

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3
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Elastin bundles for flexibility

E.g. External ear,auditory tube, epiglottis

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4
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Contain type 1 cartilage

Tough, dense cartilage

E.g. Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

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5
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Most common

Precursor to bone in endochondral ossification

articular cartilage-caps the ends of bony articular surfaces

Provides flexibility to skeleton

E.g.- costal cartilage, nose cartilage

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6
Q

Bone functions

A

Protection for vital organs

Support for the body and vital cavities

Movement mechanics

Storage for salts (calcium)

Bone cells produced by the marrow in the medullary cavity of many bones

Dynamic-changes throughout life

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7
Q

Types of bones

A

Cortical bone, trabecular bone

Long, flat, irregular, short, sesamoid

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8
Q

Cortical bone

A

Compact bone

Dense outer surface

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9
Q

Trabecular bone

A

Cancellous or spongy bone

Inner supportive meshwork

Dense neurovascular components

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10
Q

Skeletal joints: fibrous

A

Fibrous joints have limited mobility

Types:sutures, syndesmosis, gomphosis

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11
Q

Sutures

A

Fibrous skeletal joint

Interdigitated connections between bones of the skull

Held together by Sharpey’s fibers (type Ill collagen)

Sutures strong sharpey- 3 S’s

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12
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Fibrous skeletal joint

2 bones held together by fibrous connective tissue

E.g. Radioulnar, tibiofibular joints

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13
Q

Gomphosis

A

Fibrous skeletal joint

Peg and socket joint connected by ligaments

E.g. Dental alveolar joints

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14
Q

Skeletal joints: cartilaginous

A

United by hyaline and or fibrocartilage

Types: primary joint (synchondrosis), secondary joint (symphysis)

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15
Q

Primary joint

A

Cartilaginous skeletal joint

Synchondrosis

2 bones joined together by hyaline cartilage

E.g. First sternochondral joint

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16
Q

Secondary joint

A

Cartilaginous skeletal joint

Symphysis

2 bones with a thick fibrocartilage pad between them

E.g. Pubic symphysis,intervertebral disc

17
Q

Skeletal joints-synovial

A

Highly mobile,joint cavity filled with synovial fluid

Articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage

Meniscus(pad) formed by fibrocartilage in some joints

E.g. TMJ, atlanto-axial joint (C1-C2), sternochondral joint

18
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Hinge, pivot, saddle (thumb), condylar (finger), plane (clavicle),ball and socket (hip)

TMJ: hinge and plane (combination joint)

19
Q

Development of the Skeleton

A
  • Endochondral ossification cartilaginous precursor bone
    • forms at primary ossification centers
    • bones lengthen at secondary ossification centers (epiphyses)
    • E.g. Long bones, skull base
  • Intramembranous ossification
    • connective tissue (mesenchyme) precursor
    • bones of the cranial vault and face
20
Q

Musculoskeletal connective tissues

A
  • Fascia
    • superficial fascia=subdermis
    • deep fascia surrounds muscles and neurovasculature
    • visceral fascia surrounds organs
  • Ligaments connect bone to bone
  • Tendons connect muscle to bone or other structures (skin, eye)
21
Q

Muscle functions

A

Responsible for motion, joint support,moving substances through internal organs,move blood through circulatory system, heat production (shivering)

22
Q

Muscle types

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

23
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Striated

Voluntary Moves bones and other structures

Innervated by GSE (alpha and gamma motor neurons) and SVE

24
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary

Striated/intercalated discs

Heart Innervated by GVE

25
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary

Walls of vessels and hollow organs

Innervated by GVE

26
Q

Muscle shapes

A

Convergent, circular,parallel,unipennate, multipennate,fusiform, bipennate

27
Q

Muscle contraction types

A

Concentric-contracting and shortening, produces motion

Isometric-contracting, no length change, stabilizes

Eccentric-contracting and lengthening, regulates motion of antagonists

28
Q

Agonist

A

Causes motion through concentric contraction

29
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposes and regulates movement through eccentric contraction

30
Q

Synergist

A

Aids the agonist through concentric contraction

31
Q

Fixator

A

Stabilizes a skeletal element through isometric contraction generally around shoulders and hips)

32
Q

Sides of muscle contraction

A

Bilateral-both sides of a paired muscle contract (shrug)

Unilateral-one side of pained muscle contracts (tilting head)

Ipsilateral-same side as contracting muscle

Contralateral-opposite side from contracting muscle

head and neck anatomy (20 decks)

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