Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head And Neck Anatomy > Intro to Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Intro to Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

3 Basic Layers of Blood Vessels

A

Tunica Intima (Endothelium): Inner

Tunica Media (Smooth Muscle): Middle

Tunica Adventitia (Connected Tissue): Outer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Arteries

A
  • High pressure, thick walls
  • Conducting arterties are large with elastic walls, close to heart
  • Distributing arteries aresmaller with thick tunica media, control distrubution of blood
  • Arterioles have narrow lumina with thick tunica media, control systemic blood pressure and capilary filling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Veins

A
  • Low pressure, thin walls: have valves to prevent back flow of blood
  • Opthalmic and facial veins do have valves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Capillary Systems

A
  • Interchange of oxygen, nutrients, waste products, ect. with extracelluar fluid
  • Thin (single layered) endothelium
    • Allows fluids etc. to cross into blood and into tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Superior Mediastinum Contains:

A

Contains the trachea, great vessels, thymus, espopagus, vagus and phrenic nerves, thoracic duct

Great (Superior) T3 VEP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anterior Mediastinum Contains:

A

Contains fat and connective tissue

(Front)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Middle Mediastinum Contains:

A

Contains the pericardial sac and heart, phrenic nerves and roots of the great vessels

Please stop halfway past road

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Posterior Mediastinum Contains:

A

Contains the decending aorta, primary bronchi, esophagus with vagus nerves, azygous venous system, thoracic duct, posterior mediastinal lymph nodes

Don’t ask Principal Brian, everyone with vagus nerves and venous systems take down Principal Mary’s lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A
  • Contiuous with tunica adventitia of great vessels
  • Phrenic nerves are inbedded in fibrous pericardium
    • Provide GVA innervation as pericardiacophrenic nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Serous Pericardium

A
  • parietal and visceral layers
  • pericardial cavity filled with serous fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pericardial Sac

A

Consists of fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What forms the epicardium?

A

Visceral layer of pericardium

Is inseparable from the heart tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cardiac tissue: Epicardium

A

Visceral layer of the serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cardiac tissue: Myocardium

A

Striated cardiac muscle

Regualted intrinsically by the conducting/pace maker system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cardiac tissue: Endocardium

A

Endothelial lining, covers valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 types of cardiac tissues?

A

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cardiac Anatomy: Right and left sides’ input/output

A
  • Right side
    • input: venae cavae to right atrium
    • output:right ventricle to pumlonary trunk (artery)
  • Left side
    • input: pulmonary veins to left atrium
    • output: left ventricle to ascending aorta
18
Q

How do deoxygenated RBC’s move from superficial face to lungs?

After oxygenation, how does it return to the face?

A

Facial v. –> internal jugular v –> brachiocephalic v –> superior vena cavae –> right atrium –> right ventricle –> pulmonary a. –> lungs

Lungs –> Pulmonary v. –> left atrium –> left ventricle –> aotra –> common carotid a –> external carotid a –> facial a

19
Q

Right Atrium

A

Fossa Ovalis

Sinus Venarum

muscular portion with pectinate muscles (right atrium more muscular than left)

Right Auricle = Muscular pouch

20
Q

Sinus venarum

A

Smooth portion of right atrium, entrance of venae cavae

21
Q

Right auricle

A

Muscular pouch

22
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Trabeculae carnae

3 groups of papillary muscles with chordae tendinae connect to tricuspid (right AV) valve

outflow through pulmonary semilunar valve

23
Q

Trabeculae Carnae

A

Ridges of myocardium that project into ventricles

24
Q

Left Atrium

A
  • smooth portion is continuous with endothelium of pulmonary veins
  • muscular left auricle with pectinate muscles
  • semilunar depression: other side of fossa ovalis
25
Q

Left Ventricle

A

Myocardium is thicker in left ventricle than right ventricle

trabeculae carnae = ridges of myocardium

2 sets of papillary muscles with chordae tendinae connect to the mitral (left AV) valve

output through aortic semilunar valve

26
Q

Cardiac Valves

A
  • Atrioventricular values
    • Right = tricuspid
    • Left = Bicuspid = mitral
  • Outflow (Semilunar) Valves
    • Aortic
    • Pulmonary
    • Both Valves Tricuspid
27
Q

Right Coronary Artery (RCA)

A

Supplies right ventricle and SA Node

28
Q

Left Coronary Artery (LCA)

A
  • Left anterior descending (LAD) branch supplies left ventricle
    • “widow maker”
  • Circumflex (LCX) branch
29
Q

Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)

A

From RCA in 70% of cases

30
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

Returns venous blood to right atrium

31
Q

Coronary Occlusion

A

Partial or complete obstruction of bloodflow to myocardium

32
Q

angina pectoris

A

Chest pain due to coronary obstruction and ischemia of myocardium

33
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

A

heart attack

Necrosis of myocardial tissue due to coronary occlusion

34
Q

Treatments for coronary occlusion

A

Angioplasty and catheterization (with or without stints)

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

35
Q

Autonomic nervous system’s control of cardiovascular system

sympathetic vs. parasympathetic

A
  • ANS contols BP and blood flow in peripheral tissues
    • Sympathetic nerves control dilation and constriction of BV’s in periphery (e.g. Skin and muscles)
    • Parasympathetic nerves have input to blood vessels only in GI tract and genitals
36
Q

Are cardiac muscle cells myogenic?

A

Yes

37
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) node

A

Pacemaker of heart

38
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) node

A

Controls blood ejection from heart

39
Q

ANS’s regulation of heart function

A
  • Control center of brainstem
  • Parasympathetic fibers carried by the vagus n. (CN X) decrease heart rate, reduce cardiac contraction and output
  • Sympathetic fibers from spinal lavels T1-T6 increase HR, cardiac contraction force, and output
40
Q

Dermatomes Associated with Cardiac Pain?

A

T1 - T6

41
Q

Sex Differences in MI Symptoms

A

Head And Neck Anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions