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Head And Neck Anatomy > Functional Anatomy of Mastication > Flashcards

Functional Anatomy of Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

Phases of Eating

A
  • Ingestion: bringing a sold/liquid into the mouth
  • Stage I Transport: moving food from incisors to molars
  • Food processing: mastication (chewing) and stage II transport (bolus formation and accumulation)
  • Deglutition: swallowing (pharyngeal and esophagus phases)
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2
Q

Ingestive phase

A
  • Manipulation of food item with the lips and tongue
    • extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles
    • muscles of facial expression: orbicularis oris m., buccinator m.
  • Incision of the food: biting off small pieces using the incisors and canines
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3
Q

Masticatory skeleton: Temporal bone

A
  • temporal bone (squamous portion)
    • mandibular fossa: articulates with mandibular condyle
    • articular tubercle: anterior to fossa, prevents anterior dislocation of TMJ
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4
Q

Masticatory Skeleton: Mandible

A
  • Corpus: body of the mandible, supports the alveolar processes
  • Mandibular symphysis: midline fusion of the two halves of the mandible, originally a fibrocartilaginous joint (fuses by age 1 year)
  • Ramus: vertivle portion of the mandible that supports the condyle and muscular attachments
  • Neck: attachment for the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid m. (laterally)
  • Condyle: forms the articulation with the temporal bone
  • Coronoid process: attachment for the temporalis m.
  • Angular process: attachment for the masseter m. (laterally), and medial pterygoid m. (medially)
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5
Q

Knee joint and TMJ articular surfaces and meniscus/disk

A
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6
Q

Masticatory ligaments: Sphenomandibular ligaments

A
  • From sphenoid bone to mandibular lingula
  • Limits inferior displacement of the mandible
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7
Q

Masticatory ligaments: Stylomandibular ligaments

A
  • From styloid process to mandibular angle
  • Limits anterior displacement and mandibular depression
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8
Q

Masticatory ligaments: Temporomandibular ligament

A
  • Also called the lateral capsular ligament
  • Prevents posterior displacement of the condyle
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9
Q

Masticatory ligaments: discal ligaments

A
  • Hold the articular disc to the condyle
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10
Q

TMJ Anatomy

A
  • Articular disc
  • Synovial compartments
    • Superior: tranlsated movements
    • Inferior: rotational movements
  • Ligaments and capsule: stabilize joint, holds disc to condyle
  • Articular eminence: prevents anterior dislocation
  • Retrodiscal pad: a mass of fatty, vascularized tissue behind the joint the prevents posterior dislocation
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11
Q

What type of joint is ginglymoarthrodial joint?

A

hinge and sliding joint

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12
Q

TMJ movements

A

modified hinge joint (rotation and sliding)

Wide jaw opening requires both depression (rotation) and protrusion (sliding)

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13
Q

Movement terms

A
  • depression: rotational opening of the mouth
  • elevation: rotational closing of the mouth
  • protrusion: anteriorlu-directed translational sliding
  • retrusion: posteriorly-directed translational sliding
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14
Q

Muscles of mastication (and their innervation)

A
  • innervated by branches of V3 (mandibular nerve)
  • temporalis m.
  • masseter m.
  • lateral pterygoid m.
  • medial pterygoid m.
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15
Q

Temporalis muscle (anterior/posterior parts, fossa and innervation)

A
  • anterior part: elevates jaw
  • posterior part: retracts jaw
  • temporal fossa to coronoid process
  • innervation: deep temporal nerves
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16
Q

Masseter muscle (superficial/deep parts and innervation)

A
  • superficial part: protracts and elevates jaw
    • anterior zygomatic arch to angle of mandible
  • deep part: elevates jaw
    • zygomatic arch to mandibular ramus
    • unilateral contractions will move jaw laterally
  • innervation: messeteric nerve
17
Q

Medial pterygoid muscle (what it does, supperficial/deep parts, and innervation)

A
  • elevates and protrudes the jaw
  • superficial part: maxillary tuberosity and palatine bone to the medial aspect of the mandibular angle
  • deep part: medial aspect of lateral pterygoid plate to the medial aspect of the mandibular angle
  • innervation: nerve to medial pterygoid muscle
18
Q

Lateral pterygoid muscle: (what it does, supperficial/inferior parts, and innervation)

A
  • Protrudes jaw
  • Unilateral contractions move the jaw laterally
  • Superior part: greater wing of sphenoid to TMJ capsule
  • Inferior partL lateral aspect of lateral pterygoid plate to the neck of the mandibular condyle
  • Innervation: nerve to lateral pterygoid
19
Q

Movements of mastication

A
  • unilateral protrusion (balancing side) causes jaw rotation towards the working side
  • this motion is driven by the lateral pterygoid m.
20
Q

Movements of mastication (opening stroke, closing stroke and power stroke)

A
  • opening stroke
    • jaw depression
    • protraction of balancing side
    • lateral movement to working side (bolus)
  • closing stroke
    • jaw elevation
    • fast closing: movement towars WS
    • slow closing: start of lateral movement back to BS
  • power stroke
    • teeth in occlusion
    • protraction to WS
    • lateral movement back to BS
    • ratuens jaw to midline
21
Q

Functional groups of masticatory muscles: unilateral protractors and vertical closers

A
  • unilateral protractors: move jaw towards working side (WS) during opening, towards balancing side (BS) during closing
    • lateral pterygoid muscle
  • vertical closers: initiate closing from maximum gape (start of closing stroke)
    • deep masseter m.
    • anterior temporalis m.
22
Q

Functionsla groups of masticatory muscles: triplets, triplet I, triplet II

A
  • triplets: groups that provide the bite force during closing and occlusion
    • triplet muscles are ones that are capable of jow closing and either protraction/retraction
  • triplet I: continues to move jaw towards WS in preparation for power stroke; active during closing stroke
    • BS superficial masseter and medial pterygoid mm., WS posterior temporalis m.
  • triplet II: moves haw towards BS/midline; active at the end of closing stroke through power stroke
    • WS superficial masseter and medial pterygoid mm., BS posterior temporalis m.
23
Q

Jaw Opening: Muscles involves in jaw depression

A

supra- and infra-hyoid muscles

24
Q

Jaw opening: muscles involved in lateral movement towards WS

A

lateral pterygoid m. (BS)

25
Q

Jaw closing: jaw elevation muscles

A

jaw elevation: vertical closers

anterior temporalis and deep masseter

26
Q

Jaw closing: fast closing muscles

A

jaw closing: jaw moves towards WS

vertical closers and triplet I

27
Q

Jaw closing: slow closing mucsles

A

jaw closing: jaw moves towards BS

vertical closers and triplet II

28
Q

Power stroke

A
  • triplet II continues to be active through power stroke, providing a combination of elevation and lateral movement for bite force
  • WS lateral pterygoid also moves teh jaw back towards the midling (towards BS)
29
Q

TMJ innervation

A
  • sensory innervation (GSA), CN V3
    • auriculotemporal nerve (passes behind condyle)
    • masseteric nerve (passes through mandibular notch)
    • deep temporal nerve

MAD

30
Q

TMJ arterial supply

A

superficial temporal a.

note that the central part of the articular disc is avascular

31
Q

TNJ dysfunction: signs and symptoms and common representation

A
  • signs and symptoms
    • pain and tenderness
      • muscular pain
      • joint pain
    • limited range of movement
    • noises during movement
  • common presentation
    • anterior disc displacement
32
Q

Mandibular nerve blocks: inferior alveolar block

A
  • landmark: lingula near mandibular foramen
  • target: inferior alveolar and lingual nn.
33
Q

Mandibular nerve blocks: gow-gates block

A
  • landmark: neck of mandibular condyle
  • target: inferior alveolar n., lingual n., buccal n.
34
Q

Mandibular nerve blocks: misplaced injections (posterior and medial)

A
  • posterior: pierce parotid gland, causing transient facial paralysis (CN VII)
  • medial: pierce medial pterygoid m., causing trismus (spasms)

Head And Neck Anatomy (20 decks)

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