Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head And Neck Anatomy > Intro to Respiratory System > Flashcards

Intro to Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Respiratory System

A
  • Ventilation
  • Waste Elimination
  • Filtration of foreign particles from air
  • Humidity Control
  • Temperature Control
  • Upper respiratory system
    • olfaction
    • drainage of sinuses
    • production and resonance of speech

Vinny was filing his taxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anatomical divisions of respiratory system

A
  1. nasal/oral cavity
  2. pharynx
    • nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
  3. larynx
  4. trachea
  5. 1o bronchus
  6. 2o bronchus
  7. 3o bronchus
  8. Bronchiole
  9. Terminal bronchiole
  10. Respiratory bornchiol
  11. Alveolar duct
  12. Alverolar sac
  13. Alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Trachea

A
  • supported by tracheal rings
    • c-shaped hyaline cartilages–>keep airway open, calcify with age
    • open posterior apect
      • covered by trachealis mm. (GVE)
      • acommodates esophagus
  • Carina
    • where trachea splits into 1o bronchi
    • approximate level of sternal angle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1o bronchi (right and left)

A
  • external to lungs
  • right 1o bronchi
    • larger diameter
    • shorter length
    • more vertical
  • left 1o bronchi
    • smaller diameter
    • longer length
    • more horizontal
    • crosses under aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anatomy of Left and Right Lungs

A
  • left lung
    • superior lobe
    • inferior lobe
  • right lung
    • superior lobe
    • middle lobe
    • inferior lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hilium of lung

A
  • primary bronchi
  • pulmonary artery (low O2)
  • pulmonary vein (high O2)
  • bronchopulmonary (hilar) lymph nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Layers of Pulmonary Pleura

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pleural Cavity Between Pleural Layers of Lungs

A
  • 2-layered serous membrane
    • parietal layer (outer): adjacent to chest wall
    • visceral layer (inner): adjacent to lung surface
  • pleural cavity between layers
    • potential space
    • contains a think film of serous fluid
    • reduces friction
  • no connection between left and right pleural sacs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pleurisy/Pleuritis

A

Inflammation of pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pleural Plaques

A
  • Fibrous calcified thickenings of pleura that attach to ribs
  • result of asbestos exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mesothelioma

A
  • cancer of serous tissues that line body cavities (e.g. pleura)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Systemic Circulation

A
  • supplies the body
  • high O2 blood leaves the left ventricle through the aorta
  • low O2 blood returns to right atrium through through the venae cavae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A
  • Supplies lungs
  • low O2 blood leaves right ventricle through pulmonary trunk and arteries
  • high O2 blood returns to left atrium through pulmonary veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pulmonary Circulation-Arteries and Veins

A
  • pulmoary arteries carry low O2 blood from right side of heart to the lungs
  • Pulmonary veins carry high O2 blood from lungs back to left side of heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Capillary plexus

A

covers each alveolar sac

plexus facilitates gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Musculoskeletal Control of Respiration-Quiet Breathing

A
  • at rest
  • passive process
  • diaphragm drives inspiration
  • elastic recoil of alveoli is responsible for expiration
17
Q

Musculoskeletal Control of Respiration-Active Breathing

A
  • during activity such as exercise
  • neck and limb muscles recruited to change thoracic volume
18
Q

Innervation of Respiratory Muscles

A

GSE

19
Q

Primary Muscles of Respiration (Quiet Breathing)

A
  • diaphragm m.
    • phrenic nerve (C3-5)
  • intercostal mm.
    • intercostal nn. (T1-T11)
20
Q

Diaphragm Muscle

A
  • 2 muscular legs (left and right crura) that insert at L1-L2 vertebrae
  • central tendon
21
Q

Openings in Diaphragm

A
  • Caval opening (inferior venae cavae)
    • T8 vertebral level, passes through central tendon
  • Esophageal hiatus (esophagus and vagus n.)
    • T10 vertebral level, passes under right crus
  • Aortic hiatus (descending aorta)
    • T12 vertebral level, passes between crura

I 8, 10 Eggs, At 12

22
Q

External Intercostal mm.

A
  • assist diaphragm during quiet and forced inspiration
  • inferior-medial fiber orientation (“hands in pocket”)

EI

23
Q

Internal Intercostal mm.

A
  • assist with quiet and forced expiration
  • main driver of quiet expiration is elastic recoil of alveoli
  • superior-medial fiber orientation
    • “hands over heart”
24
Q

Secondary Muscles of Respiration

A
  • sternochleidomastoid m.
    • spinal sensory nerve (CN XI)
  • scalene mm.
  • serratus mm.
  • abdominal and epaxial mm.
25
Q

COPD

A
  • Symptoms: SOB, cough, sputum production
  • Irreversible obstruction of airflow
  • Underlying cause-emphysema
  • Barrel chest due to increased intrathoracic pressure
  • Use of 2o respiratory muscles at rest

Head And Neck Anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions