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MABS Neuroscience > The Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

The Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?

A

maintaining the internal environment of the body (homeostasis)

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2
Q

within the autonomic nervous system, what are the two neurons required to reach the target organ?

A

preganglionic neuron and a postganglionic neuron

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3
Q

where does the preganglionic neuron originate from?

A

the central nervous system

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4
Q

what does the preganglionic nervous system form a synapse with?

A

the postganglionic neuron

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5
Q

where is the postganglionic neuron located?

A

the cell body of which located in the ganglia

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6
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system divided into?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

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7
Q

what part of the nervous system, central or peripheral would the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons reside?

A

central - preganglionic neuron

peripheral - postganglionic

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8
Q

the sympathetic nervous is catabolic, T/F?

A

T, it burns energy

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9
Q

what is the sympathetic nervous system also called?

A

thoracolumbar system because the ganglia are located lateral to the vertebral column in the thoracic and lumbar regions

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10
Q

the ganglia are located lateral to the vertebral column in what thoracic and lumbar regions?

A

(T1-L3)

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11
Q

what provides the sympathetic system its widespread action?

A

Within the sympathetic system the preganglionic axons form synapses with many postganglionic cells

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12
Q

in the parasympathetic system, blood is pulled to the digestive system to help with digestive function, T/F?

A

True

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13
Q

T/F, Because the ganglia are fixed along the back, the postganglionic sympathetic fibers can be quite long?

A

True

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14
Q

preganglionic arch for parasympathetic system is long, T/F?

A

True, because it is close to the target tissue so the postganglionic arch is short

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15
Q

what happens to the body during fight or flight response?

A 
pupil dilation
bronchodilation
cardiac acceleration
inhibition of digestion
piloerection
stimulation of glucose release
systemic vasoconstriction
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16
Q

what nt is released from the preganglionic neuron in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

acetylcholine to the metabotropic receptor

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17
Q

what nt is released from the postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

norepinephrine to the metabotropic receptor

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18
Q

what is the nt released from the postganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

acetylcholine and so it doesn’t switch to norepinephrine like in the sympathetic nervous system

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19
Q

*in the sympathetic pathway, where are the cell bodies of the presynaptic neurons located?

A

the gray matter (the interomediolateral cell column) of spinal cord segments C8-L2

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20
Q

how do the axons exit the spinal cord in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

by way of the ventral root

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21
Q

how is the spinal nerve formed in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

the ventral root combines with a dorsal root

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22
Q

how do the presynaptic sympathetic fibers leave the spinal nerve in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

passing through the white ramus communicans

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23
Q

what does the white ramus communicans connect with in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

the sympathetic chain

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24
Q

what does the sympathetic chain look like?

A

beadlike structures on either side of the vertebral column

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25
Q

in the sympathetic nervous system, how does the spinal nerve enter the sympathetic chain, how does the spinal nerve leave?

A

white ramus communicans; gray ramus communicans

26
Q

cell bodies of the sympathetic neurons reside in the spinal cord at what levels? what about the sympathetic chain?

A

C8-L2 (thoracolumbar); throughout the entire spinal cord (cervical to sacral levels)

27
Q

what happens when the fibers reach the sympathetic chain?

A

1) turn and travel up or down the chain before synapsing; 2) pass through the chain and into a splanchnic nerve (nerve to visceral organ);
3) synapse in the sympathetic ganglion and return to the spinal nerve of origin by way of the gray ramus communicans.

28
Q

what does the presynaptic fiber do at the sympathetic chain?

A

Synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic cell located in a sympathetic ganglion, or

Continue through the sympathetic chain without making a synapse. These fibers become part of a splanchnic nerve.

29
Q

whats the splanchnic nerve?

A

Fibers in a splanchnic nerve continue on (into thorax, abdomen, pelvis) and synapse with a postganglionic cell located in a prevertebral ganglion. Postganglionic fibers extend to a target organ

30
Q

what happens to fibers that synapse in a sympathetic ganglion?

A

The postganglionic cell fiber, or axon, travels along a gray ramus communicans to connect with a spinal nerve. The axon may follow either the dorsal or ventral primary ramus to be distributed to the body wall and limbs (but not to viscera in the body cavities).

31
Q

what does the postganglionic cell fiber or axon target in the sympathetic pathway?

A

These axons continue to target organs: (alpha-1 receptors, not direct control from nervous system) smooth muscle in blood vessels , sweat glands, erector pili muscles.

32
Q

what nervous system controls the sweat glands?

A

sympathetic nervous system, and instead of norepinephrine being used it is acetylcholine

33
Q

axillary hyperhidrosis can be treated how?

A

use axillary injections or injections in the hands to decrease sweating by blocking acetylcholine release

34
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are originated from __________ cell column in the spinal cord, between ________ levels. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are ________, and use _________ as a primary neurotransmitter. Primary postsynaptic receptors for postganglionic sympathetic neurons are ___________.

intermediolateral, T3-L1, myelinated, norepinephrine, adrenergic

intermediolateral, T1-L3, myelinated, acetylcholine, adrenergic.

intermediolateral, T1-L3, unmyelinated, norepinephrine, adrenergic

ventral, S1-S5, myelinated, acetycholine, adrenergic

A

intermediolateral, T1-L3, myelinated, acetylcholine, adrenergic.

35
Q

the parasympathetic system is anabolic, T/F?

A

True, it tries to conserve energy

36
Q

what are the four cranial nerves related to the parasympathetic nervous system (craniosacral)?

A

the oculomotor nerve (CN III), the facial nerve (CN VII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), and the vagus nerve (CN X)

37
Q

S2-S4 of the parasympathetic nervous system provides which nerves?

A

the pelvic splanchnic nerve

38
Q

which cranial nerves need vitamin cofactor K?

A

CN 3,7,9,10

39
Q

what is the rest and digest of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A 
pupil construction
bronchoconstriction
cardiac deceleration
stimulation of digestion
salivation, lacrimation
intestinal vasodilation
40
Q

T/F, parasympathetic nervous system starts with acetylcholine and ends acetylcholine, pre and post ganglion site

A

T

41
Q

what are the three groups of nuclei that CN III, VII, IX originate from? the group of nuclei for CN X

A

Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Superior salivatory nucleus
Inferior salivatory nucleus/nucleus ambiguus (cn9/10)

for CN X: nucleus ambiguus

42
Q

what nucleus does CN III originate from?

A

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

43
Q

what nucleus does CN VII originate from?

A

Superior Salivatory Nucleus

44
Q

what nucleus does CN IX originate from?

A

inferior salivatory nucleus and rostral protion of the nucleus ambiguus (CN9/10 start here)

45
Q

what nucleus does CN X originate from?

A

nucleus ambiguus

46
Q

describe the edinger westphalia nucleus?

A

cranial nerve III projects to the eye synapsing onto postganglionic neurons in the ciliary ganglion creating eye movements and miosis

47
Q

describe the superior salivatory nucleus?

A

Parasympathetic neurons in this nucleus project to the pterygopalatine via CN VII&raquo_space; supply the lacrimal glands.
Another branch of the facial nerve carries preganglionic fibers to the submandibular ganglion&raquo_space; supply submandibular and sublingual glands

48
Q

describe the inferior salivatory nucleus and nucleus ambiguus?

A

project via CN IX to the otic ganglion&raquo_space; supply to the parotid gland, any other gland in the face is supplied by the facial nerve

49
Q

describe the nucleus ambiguus for CN X?

A

supplies parasympathetic innervation to all the viscera of the thorax and abdomen, including the GI tract between the pharynx and distal end of the colon

50
Q

where is the Edinger-Westphal nucleus?

A

subnucleus of the oculomotor complex in the mesencephalon

51
Q

where is the Superior salivatory nucleus?

A

rostral medulla

52
Q

where is the inferior salivary nucleus and nucleus ambiguus?

A

rostral medulla

53
Q

what four cranial nerves in the parasympathetic nervous system transmit preganglionic fibers form the brain?

A

CN III, VII, IX, and X

54
Q

which CN connects to ganglia in the thorax and abdomen for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

CN X (Vagus Nerve)

55
Q

so the other three cranial nerves in the parasympathetic nervous system transmit fibers to where?

A

four small, defined ganglia in the head, name these ganglia

56
Q

name the ganglia in the that receive the other three cranial nerves?

A

ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic, and submandibular.

57
Q

nicotinic is also ionic, T/F?

A

true

58
Q

adrenergic is also muscurinic, T/F?

A

true, muscurinic(called this if under control of the parasympathetic nervous system m1-m5) is g protein coupled receptor, target tissue will receive ionic channels and g-protein coupled receptors; also known as metabotropic receptors too

59
Q

what are the most common metabotropic receptors? (m1-m5)

A

m1 and m3

60
Q

*what are some exceptions to the antagonistic effect that the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system have?

A

male and female genitalia, sweat gland do not have dual opposing innervation, controlled by the sympathetic nervous system and uses acetylcholine.

61
Q

how does the sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system work on the heart?

A

sympathetic NS does more for the heart than the parasympathetic, so if increase force of contraction and contractility, the Parasympathetic nervous system only slows down the heart rate, but not really the force of contraction. Sympathetic only works at AV node affecting heart rate and force of contraction

62
Q

does sympathetic nervous system directly control the blood pressure?

A

yes via alpha 1 receptors, parasympathetic nervous system works through the nitric oxide to lower blood pressure since it doesn’t have direct control over blood pressure, it doesn’t increase blood pressure anymore, this is the work of the nitric oxide

MABS Neuroscience (49 decks)

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