Textbook Chapter 21

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

The alternative form or versions of a gene

Question 2

Amniocenteses

Answer 2

Extraction of amniotic fluid from the uterus and chorionic villus of the fetus to examine fetal tissue.

Question 3

Anomaly

Answer 3

Developed abnormality

Question 4

Autosomes

Answer 4

Non-sex chromosomes, there are 22 pairs and numbered and arranged by size and shape in diagnostic graphic called a karotype.

Question 5

Expression

Answer 5

The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins

Question 6

Gene Penetration

Answer 6

Frequency of expression of the gene among individuals carrying the gene

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

Homozygous recessive, homozygous dominant, or heterozygous (pp, PP ,Pp)

Question 8

Heterozygous

Answer 8

Individual organisms bearing different alleles (Rr) are known as heterozygous.

Question 9

Homozygous

Answer 9

Individuals carrying two identical alleles (RR or rr) are known as homozygous

Question 10

Incomplete Dominant

Answer 10

Genes who do not wholly fit either recessive or the dominant pattern. Ex sickle cell anemia is recessive but considered incomplete dominant because heterozygous patients may display clinical signs

Question 11

Karotype

Answer 11

The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

Question 12

Meiosis

Answer 12

Type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes

Question 13

Mitosis

Answer 13

Somatic cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

Question 14

Mutation

Answer 14

Alteration in genetic material that may result from exposure to harmful substances such as radiation, chemicals, or drugs.

Question 15

Neonates

Answer 15

An infant less than four weeks old.

Question 16

Organogenesis

Answer 16

Formation of basic body structures

Question 17

Phenotype

Answer 17

The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 18

Polygenic

Answer 18

Caused by multiple genes. Ex. such as multifactorial disorders such as Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, cleft pallate

Question 19

Teratogenic

Answer 19

Agents that cause damage during the embryonic or fetal development.

Question 20

Trisomy

Answer 20

Down Syndrome, presence of 3 chromosomes rather than two in the 21 position (47 chromosomes)

Question 21

Chromosomes

Answer 21

A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. 23 pairs in each human cell (22 autosomes, 23rd pair is the sex chromosomes)