Test 2 Chapter 2

Question 1

Aldosterone

Answer 1

A steroid hormone made by the adrenal cortex. It helps control the balance of water and salts in the kidney by keeping sodium in and releasing potassium from the body. Too much aldosterone can cause high blood pressure and a build-up of fluid in body tissues.

Question 2

Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 2

A hormone that helps blood vessels constrict and helps the kidneys control the amount of water and salt in the body. This helps control blood pressure and the amount of urine that is made.

Question 3

Ascites

Answer 3

condition in which fluid collects in spaces within your abdomen.

Question 4

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Answer 4

blood sodium levels and pressure are increased, ANP is secreted from the heart. It binds to its receptor in the kidney and blood vessels, and promotes salt excretion, lowers blood volume and relaxes the vessel.

Question 5

Capillary Permeability

Answer 5

capability of capillary walls to allow the selective flow of substances and cells into and out of the vessel

Question 6

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 6

Hydrostatic pressure is the “pushing” force on water due to the presence of more fluid in one region than another. In general, larger fluid volumes generate higher hydrostatic pressure. Osmotic pressure is the “pulling” force on water due to the presence of solutes in solution.

Question 7

Hypertonic/Hyperosmolar

Answer 7

Too much Na in the extracellular, water from inside the cell leaves to the outside causing shrinkage

Question 8

Hypovolemia

Answer 8

low extracellular fluid volume, generally secondary to combined sodium and water loss.

Question 9

Hypotonic/Hypoosmolar

Answer 9

Not enough Na in the extracellular, water follows Na in the cell and bursts

Question 10

Hypervolemia

Answer 10

a condition where you have too much fluid volume in your body. pregnant, and people with cardiac and pulmonary issues usually have hypervolemia

Question 11

Interstitial Fluid

Answer 11

Fluid found in the spaces around cells

Question 12

Intravascular Fluid

Answer 12

whole blood volume and also includes red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets

Question 13

Laryngospasm

Answer 13

transient and reversible spasm of the vocal cords that temporarily makes it difficult to speak or breathe. T

Question 14

Nonvolatile Metabolic Acids

Answer 14

an acid produced in the body from sources other than carbon dioxide, and is not excreted by the lungs.

Question 15

Osmoreceptor

Answer 15

An osmoreceptor is a sensory receptor primarily found in the hypothalamus of most homeothermic organisms that detects changes in osmotic pressure.

Question 16

Parethesias

Answer 16

an abnormal sensation, typically tingling or pricking (“pins and needles”), caused chiefly by pressure on or damage to peripheral nerves.

Question 17

Tetany

Answer 17

caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glands and a consequent deficiency of calcium.