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Pathophysiology > Textbook Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Textbook Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The study of functional or physiological changes in the body that result from disease processes.

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2
Q

Primary Prevention

A

Goal is to protect healthy people from developing a disease or experiencing an injury in the first place. Ex. Education about good nutrition, safety, regular exams and screenings, immunizations

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3
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

Happen after an illness or serious risk factor have already been diagnosed. The goal is to halt or slow the progression of the disease in its earliest stages. Ex. Recommending baby aspirin after heart attack, screening when risk factor is present, providing suitable work for the injured.

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4
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

Focuses on helping people manage complicated, long term health problems such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and chronic musculoskeletal pain. The goals are to prevent further physical deterioration and maximizing quality of life. Ex. Cardiac or stroke rehab, chronic pain management, support groups.

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5
Q

Diagnosis

A

Identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms

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6
Q

Etiology

A

Concerning causative factors (factors responsible)

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7
Q

Idiopathic

A

When the cause of disease is unknown

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8
Q

Iatrogenic

A

When caused by a treatment, procedure, or error

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9
Q

Predisposing Factors

A

Tendencies that promote development of a disease in an individual

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10
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Measure designed to preserve health and prevent spread of a disease

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11
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Development of a disease or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the disease process

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12
Q

Acute

A

Indicated short-term illness that develops quickly with marked signs such as high fever or severe pain.

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13
Q

Chronic

A

Milder condition that develops gradually but persists for a long time and usually causes more permanent tissue damage

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14
Q

Subclinical

A

Pathological changes occur, but the patient shows no obvious manifestations

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15
Q

Latent

A

“silent stage” no clinical signs are evident

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16
Q

Prodromal

A

Early stages of the disease where one is aware of the change in the body but signs are too vague. Ex. fatigue, loss of appetite, headache

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17
Q

Signs

A

Objective indicators of disease that are obvious to someone other than the affected

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18
Q

Symptoms

A

Subjective feelings such as pain or nausea

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19
Q

Lesion

A

Specific local change in the tissue

20
Q

Precipitating Factor

A

A condition that triggers an acute episode such as a seizure in an epileptic.

21
Q

Sequelae

A

Potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition such as paralysis following a stroke

22
Q

Convalescence

A

Period of recovery and return to normal healthy state

23
Q

Morbidity

A

Disease rates within a group

24
Q

Mortality

A

Indicated relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease

25
Q

Autopsy

A

Performed after death to determine exact cause of death

26
Q

Epidemiology

A

Science of tracking the pattern or occurrence of a disease

27
Q

Communicable

A

Infection transferred from one person to another

28
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in the size of cells

29
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in the size on individual cells

30
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increased number of cells resulting in enlarged tissue mass

31
Q

Metaplasia

A

Occurs when one mature cel type is replaced by a different mature cell

32
Q

Dysplasia

A

Term applied to tissue in which cells vary in size and shape

33
Q

Anaplasia

A

Cells that are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structured and numerous mitotic figures

34
Q

Neoplasia

A

“new growth” a neoplasm called a tumor

35
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death (normal when cell development is abnormal and numbers are excessive)

36
Q

Necrosis

A

Death of one or more cells or a portion of tissue or organ

37
Q

Ischemia

A

Decreased supply of oxygenated blood to tissue or organ owing to circulatory obstruction

38
Q

Hypoxia

A

Reduced oxygen in the tissue

39
Q

Anaerobic

A

Absence of oxygen

40
Q

Endogenous

A

Chemicals inside the body

41
Q

Exogenous

A

Chemicals outside the body

42
Q

Microorganisms

A

Living organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye

43
Q

Pyroptosis

A

Programmed cell death

44
Q

Lysosomal

A

Destructive enzymes released into the tissue to cause lysis

45
Q

Inflammation

A

Swelling, redness, and pain

46
Q

Morphologic

A

Structural changes that occur in the nucleus and cell

47
Q

Gangrene

A

Area of necrotic tissue, usually associated with lack or loss of blood supply that is followed by invasion of bacteria

Pathophysiology (22 decks)

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