Test 2 Chapter 10

Question 1

Achlorhydria

Answer 1

absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric secretions. Associated with thiamine deficiency in the setting of bacterial overgrowth

Question 2

Agglutination

Answer 2

the process that occurs if an antigen is mixed with its corresponding antibody

Question 3

Ataxia

Answer 3

poor muscle control that causes clumsy voluntary movements.

Question 4

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 4

the thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries, occurring typically in old age.

Question 5

Atherosclerosis

Answer 5

the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls.

Question 6

Deoxyhemoglobin

Answer 6

The form of hemoglobin without oxygen, the predominant protein in red blood cells.

Question 7

Diapedesis

Answer 7

the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation.

Question 8

Dyscrasia

Answer 8

an abnormal or disordered state of the body or of a bodily part.

Question 9

Dyspnea

Answer 9

difficult or labored breathing.

Question 10

Ecchymoses

Answer 10

a discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising.

Question 11

Endarterectomy

Answer 11

a surgical procedure in which a doctor removes fatty deposits blocking one of the two carotid arteries

Question 12

Erythrocytosis

Answer 12

having too many red blood cells (a solid part) in relation to plasma (the liquid part)

Question 13

Erythropoietin

Answer 13

a hormone that is produced predominantly by specialized cells called interstitial cells in the kidney. Once it is made, it acts on red blood cells to protect them against destruction. At the same time it stimulates stem cells of the bone marrow to increase the production of red blood cells

Question 14

Ferritin

Answer 14

a blood protein that contains iron

Question 15

Gastrectomy

Answer 15

surgery to remove all or part of the stomach

Question 16

Glossitis

Answer 16

a condition in which your tongue becomes inflamed and swollen

Question 17

Hemarthrosis

Answer 17

Bleeding into a joint

Question 18

Hematocrit

Answer 18

the percentage by volume of red cells in your blood

Question 19

Hemolysis

Answer 19

destruction of red blood cells.

Question 20

Hemosiderin

Answer 20

a form of storage iron derived chiefly from the breakdown of erythrocytes

Question 21

Hemostasis

Answer 21

the stopping of a flow of blood.

Question 22

Hemoptisis

Answer 22

the spitting of blood derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as a result of pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage

Question 23

Hepatomegaly

Answer 23

abnormal enlargement of the liver.

Question 24

Hypochromic

Answer 24

the red blood cells have less color than normal when examined under a microscope

Question 25

Interleukin

Answer 25

One of a group of related proteins made by leukocytes (white blood cells) and other cells in the body

Question 26

Leukocytosis

Answer 26

an increase in the number of white cells in the blood, especially during an infection.

Question 27

Leukopenia

Answer 27

a condition where the body doesn’t have enough disease-fighting leukocytes in the blood

Question 28

Leukopoiesis

Answer 28

Leukopoiesis is a form of hematopoiesis in which white blood cells are formed in bone marrow

Question 29

Macrocytes

Answer 29

Macrocytes are enlarged RBCs

Question 30

Macrophages

Answer 30

a large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, especially at sites of infection.

Question 31

Malabsorption

Answer 31

difficulty in the digestion or absorption of nutrients from food.

Question 32

Megaloblasts

Answer 32

large nucleated red blood cell precursors with noncondensed chromatin. The most common causes of megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia are deficiency or defective utilization of vitamin B12 or folate.

Question 33

Microcytic

Answer 33

a descriptive term for red blood cell (RBC) size smaller than the normal range.

Question 34

Myelodysplastic

Answer 34

A group of disorders caused when something disrupts the production of blood cells.

Question 35

Myelotoxins

Answer 35

destructive to bone marrow or any of its elements.

Question 36

Neutropenia

Answer 36

occurs when you have too few neutrophils

Question 37

Oxyhemoglobin

Answer 37

a bright red substance formed by the combination of hemoglobin with oxygen, present in oxygenated blood.

Question 38

Pancytopenia

Answer 38

A condition in which there is a lower-than-normal number of red and white blood cells and platelets in the blood

Question 39

Phlebothrombosis

Answer 39

an inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in the legs

Question 40

Pleuthoric

Answer 40

excessively full of bodily fluid, particularly blood.

Question 41

Reticulocyte

Answer 41

red blood cells that are still developing

Question 42

Splenomegaly

Answer 42

an enlargement of the spleen

Question 43

Stomatitis

Answer 43

inflammation and redness of the oral mucosa that can lead to pain and difficulty talking, eating, and sleeping

Question 44

Syncope

Answer 44

a loss of consciousness for a short period of time

Question 45

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 45

a condition in which you have a low blood platelet count

Question 46

Thrombophlebitis

Answer 46

an inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in the legs

Question 47

Varicosities

Answer 47

twisted, enlarged veins