Tetrapods/Lissamphibia

Question 1

what are the factors that caused fish to seek land

Answer 1

push
- environment not safe
- food lacking
- predators too dangerous

pull
- more food
- keep offspring safe

Question 2

example of tetrapod

Answer 2

pederpes
- non webbed low feet

Question 3

describe respiration of early tetrapod

Answer 3

1) nostril open and buccal cavity opens so air goes inside
2) nostril close pushing air through glottis into lungs as buccal cavity contracts
3) then lungs contract, bucal cavity opens
4) nostrils open for buccal cavity to contract air out

Question 4

describe movement and support of tetrapods

Answer 4

push up stance stops them growing big because its energy cost
- vertebrae development
intervertebral joint and zygapophysel joints

Question 5

how does the pectoral and pelvic girdle change to support legs

Answer 5

• its not longer attached to cranium
• pelvic attached to sacral vertebra

Question 6

describe the sensory changes

Answer 6

lateral line and electrochemical leaves
ear develops by spiracle
- movement of hyoid into stapes

Question 7

describe the 7 characteristics to the common of lissamphibian

Answer 7

• aquatic and terrestrial life stages
• eggs laid by water
• skin is permeable
• ballistic tongue projection (not caecillains)
• fluorescent
• exclusively carnivorous
• pedicilate teeth
• poison gland

Question 8

what trait/senses get lost in adulthood

Answer 8

lateral line
electricorecpetion in caecilians and salamanders stays in babies

Question 9

what are the 3 main sub groups of lissamphibians

Answer 9

Caecilians (Gymnophioina)
Salamanders (Caudata)
Frogs (Anura)

Question 10

how does the lissamphibian circulatory system work?

Answer 10

1) deoxygenated blood from body to right atrium
2) right atrium to ventricle
3) ventricle to pulmocutaneous arteries (skin then lungs)
4) comes back to left atrium
5) to ventricle
6) then out the aorta to the conus arteriosus

Question 11

what is the columella operculum in frogs

Answer 11

how they hear high pitched noise and vibrations
comes from hyoid arch made form bone/cartilage connected to shoulder girdle

Question 12

what is the levator bulbi and who has it

Answer 12

pushes eyes out to make more buccal cavity space
- frogs and salamanders
-

Question 13

describe what is special about caecilians

Answer 13

• not mammals but make milk
• have a retroarticular process to open mouth

Question 14

what is special about Caudata salamanders

Answer 14

• viviparous
• both external and internal fertilization

Question 15

what is special about frogs

Answer 15

• elongated legs
• vertbrat infused with ilium
• contraction of geniogloss muscle to stretch tongue