General and Early Vertebrate Flashcards
What are the 7 features that vertebrae’s have in addition to the 5 chordate traits
- vertebrae
- cranium
- brain
- multichambered heart
- mineralized tissue
- pituitary/advanced endocrine organs
- hox duplication
what is vertebrae?
cartilage or bone that wrap around the notochord, neural tube, and anchors other structures
how did the brain, cranium and pituitary develop?
cranium- now made of cartilage and/or bone
brain- the neural tube swells into a 3 part region in the anterior portion, that has smell, vision and hearing
pituitary -grows from endostyle
how does the circulatory and respiratory system of vertebrates work?
is has a 5 chambered heart with red blood cells that transport oxygen and c02
- gas exchange happens in gills
- the pharyngeal slits have turned into gill slits
what do Hox genes do?
they allow and regulate development
what development started in cyclostomes?
aortic arches started to match the amount of gill arches meaning respiration is now through gill slits instead of skin
when were stomaches first noted?
in thelodonti from the Agathan group
What is the order of groups (oldest to newest?)
- celphalochordata
- cyclostomes
- agathans (and ostraderms)
- gnathotomata
- (Acanthodii)
- chondrichthyes
- Osteichthyes
- lissamphibia
- amniotes
what are the first vertebrates to show evidence of internal fertilization
placoderms
what is ovoparity?
organisms that lay eggs (live embryos in shells)
what is viviparity?
embryos develop inside the mother
what is ovoviviparity?
embryos develop in eggs that remain inside the mother until they are ready to hatch
what is the ambiguous group between gnathostomes and Chondrichthyes?
Acanthodii
what are the types of bone?
dermal bone
endochonral bone
perichondral
cellular
acellular
explain dermal bone
it has no cartilage
it is membranous
