General: Ammiotes, Synpaids & Sauropsids Flashcards
what is the difference and similarities between an amniotic egg and a chorionic egg?
amniotes eggs are mutlimembraned
- outer layer is called the chorion and inner is ammion
- they have a membrane sac called the allantois which stores waste and is used for gas exchange
both have
- shell and yolk to provide nutrients to embryo
how do amniotes protect their eggs and why?
usually keep them all close and warm in some kind of nest
how do chorionic eggs get protected and what kind of animals lay these types of eggs?
some don’t have hard shell so they usually get laid in moist environments or in the water
why do amniotes have varied skull structures and what are the holes called?
the holes are called temporal fenestrate and they al used for muscle attachment
this allows a varying amount of muscle to attach to the jaw and controls strength of bite
how was the ear changed when they got on land
the spiracle turned into the ear
the tympanum (ear drum) is now deep in the ear canal and now have 3 ear bones (stapes, malleus and incus) instead of the being close to the surface and only having 1 bone (stapes)
how are the lateral line and the organ of corti similar?
they both use hair cells to catch the vibrations and functioned as a way for the animal to hear what is around them
- used to detect prey and predators
how are the lateral line and the organ of corti different?
the lateral line was also used to figure how their spatial awareness.
lateral line is for water currents ad vibrations and organ of court is for sound waves and vibrations
how is smelling in water different than smelling on land
since air is less dense than water, odourants cam move more easily sense they are volatile. This lets land animals reply more on the sense of smell than sea animals.
what type of animals are includes in sauropsids and synapsids
sauropids are one clade of amniotes that include reptiles and birds
synapsids are the other clade of amniotes that include mammals, monotremes and marsupials
what are the general differences between synapsids and sauropids?
synapsids
- hair and fur
- endothermy
- alveolar lungs
- vivparity (except platypus)
- heterodont
sauropsids
- scales
- ectodermy (except birds)
- faveolar lungs
- oviparity
- homodont
how do synapsids and sauropids solve movement and breathing?
synapsids (mammals) started moving dorsoventrally over their axis so each time they move, air is moved in and out font heir lunges compared to early animates which only had their air move laterally which couldn’t sustain running for long
what aided movement and breathing
the lost of ribs doing down the spine
what are examples of the different breathing techniques
synapsids: alveolar breathing
sauropsids: faveolar breathing
explain alveolar breathing
air comes into the lungs into alveoli that have many capillary beds around it where oxygen goes in and carbon dioxide comes out. it is a one way system and the air mixes
explain faveolar breathing
usually unidirectional and does not allow mixing of air
similar to counter current exchange the faveolar are pockets in the lung the where the air runs in one direction and the blood runs the other.
