Testicular Function Flashcards

1
Q

2 major functions of reproduction?

A
  1. Gametogenesis

2. Hormone secretion

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2
Q

where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules

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3
Q

Where is testosterone secreted?

A

Leydig cells in interstitial tissue

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4
Q

Where is estrogen and progesterone secreted?

A

theca cells

granulosa cells

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5
Q

what is Parturition?

A

labour and delivery

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6
Q

Meiosis produces 3 things:

A

primary gamete
secondary gamete
haploid gamete

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7
Q

Spermatogenesis mitotic daughter cell fates?

A
  1. one is kept for germ line

2. other moved toward lumen for Spermatogenesis

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8
Q

order of Spermatogenesis names?

A
spermatogonium
spermatogonia
primary spermatocyte
first meiotic
secondary spermatocyte
second meiotic
spermatids
spermatozoa
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9
Q

primary oocytes arrested in?

A

first meiotic division

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10
Q

what hormones made in testes?

A

Testosterone

dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

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11
Q

3 places sex steroids are made:

A

Ovary
Testis
Adrenal glands

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12
Q

Sex steroids: Hypothalamus releases?

A

GnRH

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13
Q

sex steroids: ant pituitary releases?

A

LH

FSH

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14
Q

gonads make what kind of peptide hormones?

A

Inhibin

activin

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15
Q

what do you need to turn testosterone to estradiol?

A

aromatase

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16
Q

FSH targets what in males?

A

sertoli cells

17
Q

LH influences what in males?

A

testosterone production

18
Q

what is male short loop feedback?

A

LH and FSH from ant pituitary -ve feeback to hypothalamus GnRH production

19
Q

what is male long loop feedback?

A

steroid or peptide hormones from gonads feedback +ve or -ve to hypothalamus and Ant. pituitary

20
Q

external factors affecting hypothalamus?

A

internal and environmental stimuli. eg. stress

21
Q

3 male accessory glands and ducts?

A

prostate
seminal vesicle
bulbourethral gland

22
Q

what happens in the epididymis?

A

sperm maturation

23
Q

what happens in the seminiferous tubules?

A

sperm production

24
Q

which corpus surrounds the male urethra?

A

corpus spongiosum

25
Q

sperm production goes from?

A

outside towards the lumen of seminiferous tubule

26
Q

hormone pathway for male sex characteristics:

A
GnRH
LH
Leydig cells
Testosterone
sex characteristics
27
Q

hormone pathway for spermatocyte maturation

A

GnRH
LH
sertoli cells
spermatocyte maturation

28
Q

testosterone effects on nonreproductive actions?

A

protein anabolism
bone growth
closure of epiphyses
sebaceous gland secretions

29
Q

What does bulbourethral glands contribute?

A

mucus for lubricant

30
Q

what does prostate contribute to semen?

A

basic buffers, citric acid, enzymes

31
Q

what does eminial vesciles contribute to semen?

A

prostaglandins
Fructose
Vitamin C

32
Q

andropause affects?

A

~50% of men, still controversial