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Jason's Reproduction Block > Sex Hormones and Disease > Flashcards

Sex Hormones and Disease Flashcards

1
Q

GnRH what kind of release?

A

pulsatile

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2
Q

what converts testosterone to DHT?

A

5alpha-reductase

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3
Q

3 estrogens are?

A

oestriol
oestrone
oestradiol

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4
Q

use of oestrogen in children?

A

hypogonadism

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5
Q

use of oestrogen in adults? 3 reasons

A
  1. amenorrhoea
  2. contraception
  3. menopause HRT
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6
Q

HRT and colorectal cancer?

A

decreases

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7
Q

HRT and coronary heart disease?

A

reduced but depends on trial

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8
Q

HRT and Alzheimer’s?

A

reduced

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9
Q

HRT and sleep?

A

improved

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10
Q

HRT and bone density?

A

improved

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11
Q

HRT and risks? 3 main ones.

A
  1. breast tenderness, nausea, fluid retention
  2. breast/uterine cancer
  3. thromboembolism/stroke
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12
Q

oestrogen receptors where? 3 places

A
  1. nuclear
  2. cell membrane (rapid effects?)
  3. GPR30
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13
Q

oestrogen signalling is how?

A

direct signalling

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14
Q

oestrogen receptor subtypes:

A

ER-a (predominant)

ER-B

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15
Q

Breast cancer: estrogen leads to growth, progesterone leads to?

A

differentiation and growth

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16
Q

What are SERMs?

A

selective oestrogen receptor modulators

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17
Q

What is oestradiol drug?

A

full agonist

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18
Q

what is tamoxifen? what does it block?

A

partial agonist for bone, CV, uterus

blocks target breast and CNS

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19
Q

what is raloxifene? what does it block?

A

partial agonist for bone CV

blocks breast, uterus, CNS

20
Q

what is fulvestrant?

A

full estrogen antagonist

21
Q

tamoxifen effect on endometrium?

A

hyperplasia

22
Q

tamoxifen effect on vascular?

A

risk of thromboembolism

23
Q

when use tamoxifen?

A

palliative for breast ca

adjuvant post lumpectomy

24
Q

Aromatase inhibitors used when?

A

after tamoxifen use and breast cancer

25
Q

Aromatase inhibitors does what?

A
  1. reduce contralateral breast ca
  2. less thromoembolism
  3. less endometrial cancer
26
Q

Aromatase inhibitors disadvantage?

A

bone loss
menopausal symptoms
arthralgia
metabolic syndrome

27
Q

where is dihydrotestosterone active?

A

prostate
seminal vesicles
epididymus
skin

28
Q

testosterone always converts to dihydrotestosterone?

A

Nope depends on tissue

29
Q

dihydrotestosterone function?

A
  1. prostate development
  2. external virilisation
  3. sexual maturation
30
Q

testosterone function?

A
  1. Gonadotrophin release
  2. sperm production
  3. anabolics
  4. sexual differentiation
31
Q

dihydrotestosterone and testosterone affects cell where?

A

nucleus for transcription

32
Q

therapeutic use of androgens: anabolic? 2 things

A
  1. senile osteoporosis

2. speed recovery from surgery

33
Q

therapeutic use of androgens for growth?

A

pituitary dwarfism

34
Q

non-therapeutic use of androgens?

A

abuse in sport

35
Q

therapeutic use of androgens in women?

A

treat endometriosis

36
Q

LDL and HDL with androgen?

A

more LDL

less HDL

37
Q

adverse effects of androgens: males

A

priapism, gynaecomastia, impotence, less sperm

38
Q

adverse effects of androgens: children

A

premature epiphyseal plate closure

abnormal sexual maturation

39
Q

what is cyproterone?

A

steroidal androgen receptor antagonist

40
Q

when is cyproterone used for? 2:

A
  1. prostate cancer

2. androgenisation of females

41
Q

what is flutamide?

A

non-steroidal antagonist

42
Q

when use flutamide?

A

metastatic prostate cancer

43
Q

what is finasteride?

A

5a-reductase inhibitor to take out DHT

44
Q

when use finasteride?

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy

45
Q

why do males get breast enlargement/cancer when on finasteride?

A

since it’s a 5a-reductase inhibitor, the excess testosterone is converted into estrogens

Jason's Reproduction Block (22 decks)

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