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Jason's Reproduction Block > Ovarian Function > Flashcards

Ovarian Function Flashcards

1
Q

3 phases of menstrual cycle

A

follicular: 1-13
ovulation: 14
luteal: 15-28

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2
Q

3 phases of endometrial lining?

A

menses - shed
proliferative phase
secretory phase: promotes implantation

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3
Q

2 characteristics controlled by estrogen?

A

breast development

body fat distribution

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4
Q

what does adrenal androgens do to females? 2 things

A

pubic and axillary hair

libido

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5
Q

cervix is normally?

A

long
thick
closed

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6
Q

Granulosa cells secrete?

A

estrogen before ovulation

progesterone after ovulation as corpus lutem

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7
Q

When is the second meiotic division completed in the oocyte?

A

AFTER fertilization

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8
Q

What happens to Copus luteum if no preganancy?

A

degenerates into corpus albicans

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9
Q

What is the role of thecal and granulosa cells in follicle maturation?

A

LH>thecal cells>androgens>Granulosa cells>aromatase>estrogens>+ve feedback develops follicle and increase estrogen>-ve feedback decreases FSH+LH

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10
Q

what causes LH surge?

A

high estrogen from granulosa cells +ve feedback to hypothalamus, increased GnRH

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11
Q

Inhibin does what?

A

inhibits FSH so there is not a new follicle produced

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12
Q

what does low progesterone do in late follicular phase?

A

+ve feedback on GnRH and LH to promot LH surge

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13
Q

when does primary oocyte complete its first meiotic division?

A

before ovulation in late follicular phase during high estrogen

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14
Q

what happens to follicle after ovulation

A

decrease estrogen

morph into luteal cells

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15
Q

estrogen and progesterone levels in luteal phase? where is it coming from?

A

increased to maintain endometrium

comes from corpus luteum

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16
Q

GnRH, LH, FSH levels in luteal phase?

A

low

17
Q

inhibin levels in luteal phase?

A

high to inhibit follicle develment

18
Q

cervix during ovulation?

A

abundant clear non viscous (let sperm in)

19
Q

cervix in mid-luteal phase?

A

thick sticky viscous because no need for more sperm

20
Q

uterus in mid luteal phase?

A

vascular and secretory

21
Q

Late luteal phase corpus luteum in preg vs. non-preg:

A

preg: corpus luteum maintained

non-preg: corpus luteum degens, decreasing estrogen and prog. and triggers menses,

22
Q

Menses hormone levels do what to hypothalamus?

A

low estrogen and progesterone means loss fo -ve feeback to hypothalamus so you get higher FSH, LH and new follicle

23
Q

3 causes of menopause?

A
  1. no more egg development
  2. ovaries cease responding to LH/FSH
  3. low estrogen and progesterone
24
Q

menopause symptoms?

A

hot flashes

osteoporosis

25
Q

sperm live how long in vagina?

oocyte viable for how long?

A
  1. 48 hours for sperm

2. 24 hours for oocyte

26
Q

what happens when sperm reaches oocyte in fallopian tube?

A

acrosomal reaction causes digestive enzymes and the zona pellucida and cell junctions dissolve

27
Q

what blocks polyspermy?

A

cortical reaction after sperm and egg membranes fuse

28
Q

what is a sperm called that reach zona pellucida?

A

capicitated sperm

29
Q

second polar body ejected from?

A

ZYGOTE

30
Q

what day post-fertilization does blastocyst implant?

A

days 5-9

completely buried

31
Q

what is a decidualized endometrium?

A

becomes more vascular and changes to adapt to implanted blastocyst

32
Q

when is:
Early Preg?
Embryonic period?
fetal period?

A

Early Preg: 1-2 weeks
Embryonic period: 3-8 weeks
fetal period: 9-term

33
Q

early preg is susceptible to?

A

chromosome abnormalities

environmental prevent implantation

34
Q

early preg is non susceptible to?

A

teratogens

35
Q

when are baby most susceptible to teratogens?

A

embryonic week 3-8

36
Q

all major organ systems formed when?

A

by end of embryonic week 3-8

37
Q

when do you get most physiological defects in preg?

A

fetal period

38
Q

Conception has 3 strategies to modify:

A 
Ovulation -endocrine OCP
Sperm -ovum transport (barrier, surgery)
Prevent implantation (IUD)
39
Q

how does OCP work?

A

lose dose estrogen and progesterone doesn’t allow -ve feedback to hypothalamus to make FSH or subsequent LH surge. and no endometrium development either

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