Gene Expression Flashcards

1
Q

What is euchromatin? colour?

A

open relaxed conformation. light bands

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2
Q

heterochromatin? colour?

A

closed condensed formation. dark bands

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3
Q

How are histones modified in euchromatin?

A

hyper acetylated

hyper methylated

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4
Q

How are histones modified in heterochromatin?

A

hypoacetylated,

hypo methylated

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5
Q

What happens when DNA is methylated?

A

silencing of genes

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6
Q

where is DNA usually methylated?

A

CpGs around promoters

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7
Q

gene expresison makes two things:

A

proteins and RNA products

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8
Q

where do you normally find heterochromatin?

A

closer to nuclear membrane as it’s less active

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9
Q

what needs to happen to chromatin to give access to transcriptional machinery?

A

remodelling via chemical modification (epigenetic markers)

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10
Q

how do you get protein diversity from genes? 2 reasons

A
  1. more than one promoter

2. alternative splicing

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11
Q

non-coding RNAs like siRNA involved with?

A

mRNA degradation

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12
Q

miRNAs can be involved in?

A

repressing mRNA translation

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13
Q

transcription begins where?

A

TATA box/promoters

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14
Q

3 kinds of non-coding RNAs

A

long non-coding RNAs
short-interfering RNAs
micro RNAs

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15
Q

4 things long non-coding RNAs can do?

A
  1. decoy
  2. scaffold (enhance or inhibit)
  3. guide
  4. enhancer
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16
Q

siRNAs single or double stranded?

A

double, uncleaved

17
Q

What do cis and trans acting elements affect in genes?

A

Cis - DNA

Trans - proteins