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Test Two Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of membrane transport proteins

A

carrier and channel proteins

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2
Q

function of carrier proteins

A

move small molecules through membrane with active transport

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3
Q

channel proteins are what type of channels

A

hydrophilic pores and ion channels

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4
Q

what are the ions in the cell

A

Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and H+

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5
Q

the concentration of Na+ is greater where

A

outside of the cell

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6
Q

the concentration of K+ is greater where

A

inside the cell

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7
Q

channel proteins select solutes based on

A

size and electric charge

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8
Q

carrier proteins select permeability based on

A

specific fit

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9
Q

impermeability of lipid bilayers prevent what type of molecules from passing

A

hydrophilic

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10
Q

can ions and charged molecules pass through the bilayer

A

no

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11
Q

small non polar passing through bilayer is fast or slow

A

fast

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12
Q

uncharged polar molecules passing through bilayer is fast or slow

A

slow

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13
Q

channel proteins fast or slow

A

fast

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14
Q

carrier proteins fast or slow

A

slow

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15
Q

what was the first evidence of specific transport occuring

A

mutation in cystinurea (bacteria)

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16
Q

transport direction depends on

A

molecule concentration

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17
Q

describe passive transport

A

high to low concentration, no energy source

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18
Q

describe active transport

A

low to high concentration, uses energy

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19
Q

what are the types of passive transport

A

simple diffusion, channel, and carrier

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20
Q

what are the types of active transport

A

carrier

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21
Q

carrier proteins transport what type of molecules

A

ions and hydrophilic

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22
Q

simple diffusion allows what type of molecules to pass

A

hydrophobic molecules

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23
Q

what is an example of passive transport

A

glucose transporter, moves from high to low concentration

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24
Q

transport of charged molecules is dependent on

A

membrane potential

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25
what is membrane potential
difference in voltage gradient
26
what is electrochemical gradient
combined concentration and membrane potential gradients
27
can concentration gradient and membrane potential gradient work in opposite or same direction from each other
can do both
28
what are the three types of active transport
coupled transport, ATP driven pumps, light driven pumps
29
what is coupled transport
uphill transport of one solute and downhill transport of another solute
30
what is ATP driven pumps
uphill transport of solutes with ATP hydrolysis
31
what is light driven pumps
uphill transport of solutes with input of light energy
32
uphill transport of a solute must occur before what of the same solute can occur
downhill transport
33
stages of sodium and potassium pump
Na+ attaches to the pump, ATPase splits ATP to ADP and the pump is phosphorylated, allowing Na+ to enter, K+ attaches to pump and phosphate group is removed from pump allowing K+ to come in
34
what are coupled transporters
carrier proteins that use uphill of one solute for downhill of another
35
what are the types of coupled transporters
symport and antiport
36
what is symport
both solutes either entering or bother exiting the cell
37
what antiport
one solute comes in while the other goes out the cell
38
example of symport in animals
glucose Na+ symport, Na+ brings glucose into a glucose rich cell
39
what is osmosis
the water flows from high to low concentration
40
what do animal cells need for osmosis
aquaporins
41
how do animal cells regulate cellular pH
Na+/H+ exchanger symporter is used and Na+/K+ pump keeps Cl- out.
42
what can happen to animal cells if pumps stop working during osmosis
increased pressure can cause pump to stop working as well as toxin such as oubain but still have Na+ flowing in and this is what causes bursting
43
how do plants handle osmosis
plant cell walls are really sturdy and can handle the pressure due to turgor pressure
44
plants, fungi and bacteria use what type of pump
hydrogen pumps
45
hydrogen pumps in plants are driven by
light
46
what is the ion selectivity of ion channels
pore size and shape as well as amino acid charge
47
are ion channels faster than carrier proteins
yes
48
ion channels causes what type of changes
cellular
49
voltage gated channels are controlled by
membrane potential
50
ligand gated channel is controlled by
binding of a molecule
51
stress activated channel is controlled by
mechanical forces
52
what is the membrane potential
the electrical potential difference across the membrane
53
the electrical potential in the membrane potential is controlled by
the transfer of ions
54
how to maintain the membrane potential
leak channels, movement of ions, equilibrium
55
structure of neuron
contains cell body, axon, dendrites and nerve terminal
56
what are action potentials
signals of neurons
57
signal speeds of neurons are
100 m/s
58
how can you boost a signal of neuron
by active signaling mechanism
59
describe the voltage gated Na+ channel
depolarization of plasma membrane by influx of Na+ into cell, Na+ channels open upon stimulus, as Na+ enter in and the membrane becomes depolarized as moving down opening channels. as depolarization moves down the previous channel becomes inactivated then closes.
60
why does the previous channel in voltage gated Na+ channel become inactivated
to ensure travel in one direction
61
the synaptic cleft is how big
20 nm
62
explain voltage gated Ca2+ channel
Ca2+ channel become activated when signal reaches the end terminal of the axon. Ca2+ enters the cell and neurotransmitters are released through vesicles into the synaptic cleft
63
long distances for passage of signal in action potentials need what
a boosting of signal
64
purpose of synaptic cleft
to ensure that the signal travels in only one direction and does not reverse
65
where do neurotransmitters bind when crossing synaptic cleft
bind to cell receptors
66
when neurotransmitters bind to cell receptor what occurs
chemical signal is converted to electrical signal
67
examples of excitatory neurotransmitters
acetylcholine and glutamate
68
function of acetylcholine excitatory neurotransmitter
opens Na+ channels
69
function of glutamate excitatory neurotransmitter
opens Ca2+ channel
70
example of inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA and glycine
71
function of GABA and glycine inhibitory neurotransmitter
affects Cl-
72
function of excitatory neurotransmitter
action potential being continued
73
function of myelin
protects neurons and creates better action potential and ensures signal will go where it needs to
74
what cells are present in myelin
schwann cells and oligodendrocytes
75
what cells form myelin
glial cells
76
what diseases affect myelin sheaths
multiple sclerosis and SIDS

Cell Physiology (16 decks)

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