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Cell Physiology > Test Two Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Test Two Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of membrane transport proteins

A

carrier and channel proteins

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2
Q

function of carrier proteins

A

move small molecules through membrane with active transport

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3
Q

channel proteins are what type of channels

A

hydrophilic pores and ion channels

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4
Q

what are the ions in the cell

A

Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and H+

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5
Q

the concentration of Na+ is greater where

A

outside of the cell

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6
Q

the concentration of K+ is greater where

A

inside the cell

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7
Q

channel proteins select solutes based on

A

size and electric charge

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8
Q

carrier proteins select permeability based on

A

specific fit

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9
Q

impermeability of lipid bilayers prevent what type of molecules from passing

A

hydrophilic

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10
Q

can ions and charged molecules pass through the bilayer

A

no

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11
Q

small non polar passing through bilayer is fast or slow

A

fast

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12
Q

uncharged polar molecules passing through bilayer is fast or slow

A

slow

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13
Q

channel proteins fast or slow

A

fast

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14
Q

carrier proteins fast or slow

A

slow

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15
Q

what was the first evidence of specific transport occuring

A

mutation in cystinurea (bacteria)

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16
Q

transport direction depends on

A

molecule concentration

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17
Q

describe passive transport

A

high to low concentration, no energy source

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18
Q

describe active transport

A

low to high concentration, uses energy

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19
Q

what are the types of passive transport

A

simple diffusion, channel, and carrier

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20
Q

what are the types of active transport

A

carrier

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21
Q

carrier proteins transport what type of molecules

A

ions and hydrophilic

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22
Q

simple diffusion allows what type of molecules to pass

A

hydrophobic molecules

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23
Q

what is an example of passive transport

A

glucose transporter, moves from high to low concentration

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24
Q

transport of charged molecules is dependent on

A

membrane potential

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25
Q

what is membrane potential

A

difference in voltage gradient

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26
Q

what is electrochemical gradient

A

combined concentration and membrane potential gradients

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27
Q

can concentration gradient and membrane potential gradient work in opposite or same direction from each other

A

can do both

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28
Q

what are the three types of active transport

A

coupled transport, ATP driven pumps, light driven pumps

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29
Q

what is coupled transport

A

uphill transport of one solute and downhill transport of another solute

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30
Q

what is ATP driven pumps

A

uphill transport of solutes with ATP hydrolysis

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31
Q

what is light driven pumps

A

uphill transport of solutes with input of light energy

32
Q

uphill transport of a solute must occur before what of the same solute can occur

A

downhill transport

33
Q

stages of sodium and potassium pump

A

Na+ attaches to the pump, ATPase splits ATP to ADP and the pump is phosphorylated, allowing Na+ to enter, K+ attaches to pump and phosphate group is removed from pump allowing K+ to come in

34
Q

what are coupled transporters

A

carrier proteins that use uphill of one solute for downhill of another

35
Q

what are the types of coupled transporters

A

symport and antiport

36
Q

what is symport

A

both solutes either entering or bother exiting the cell

37
Q

what antiport

A

one solute comes in while the other goes out the cell

38
Q

example of symport in animals

A

glucose Na+ symport, Na+ brings glucose into a glucose rich cell

39
Q

what is osmosis

A

the water flows from high to low concentration

40
Q

what do animal cells need for osmosis

A

aquaporins

41
Q

how do animal cells regulate cellular pH

A

Na+/H+ exchanger symporter is used and Na+/K+ pump keeps Cl- out.

42
Q

what can happen to animal cells if pumps stop working during osmosis

A

increased pressure can cause pump to stop working as well as toxin such as oubain but still have Na+ flowing in and this is what causes bursting

43
Q

how do plants handle osmosis

A

plant cell walls are really sturdy and can handle the pressure due to turgor pressure

44
Q

plants, fungi and bacteria use what type of pump

A

hydrogen pumps

45
Q

hydrogen pumps in plants are driven by

A

light

46
Q

what is the ion selectivity of ion channels

A

pore size and shape as well as amino acid charge

47
Q

are ion channels faster than carrier proteins

A

yes

48
Q

ion channels causes what type of changes

A

cellular

49
Q

voltage gated channels are controlled by

A

membrane potential

50
Q

ligand gated channel is controlled by

A

binding of a molecule

51
Q

stress activated channel is controlled by

A

mechanical forces

52
Q

what is the membrane potential

A

the electrical potential difference across the membrane

53
Q

the electrical potential in the membrane potential is controlled by

A

the transfer of ions

54
Q

how to maintain the membrane potential

A

leak channels, movement of ions, equilibrium

55
Q

structure of neuron

A

contains cell body, axon, dendrites and nerve terminal

56
Q

what are action potentials

A

signals of neurons

57
Q

signal speeds of neurons are

A

100 m/s

58
Q

how can you boost a signal of neuron

A

by active signaling mechanism

59
Q

describe the voltage gated Na+ channel

A

depolarization of plasma membrane by influx of Na+ into cell, Na+ channels open upon stimulus, as Na+ enter in and the membrane becomes depolarized as moving down opening channels. as depolarization moves down the previous channel becomes inactivated then closes.

60
Q

why does the previous channel in voltage gated Na+ channel become inactivated

A

to ensure travel in one direction

61
Q

the synaptic cleft is how big

A

20 nm

62
Q

explain voltage gated Ca2+ channel

A

Ca2+ channel become activated when signal reaches the end terminal of the axon. Ca2+ enters the cell and neurotransmitters are released through vesicles into the synaptic cleft

63
Q

long distances for passage of signal in action potentials need what

A

a boosting of signal

64
Q

purpose of synaptic cleft

A

to ensure that the signal travels in only one direction and does not reverse

65
Q

where do neurotransmitters bind when crossing synaptic cleft

A

bind to cell receptors

66
Q

when neurotransmitters bind to cell receptor what occurs

A

chemical signal is converted to electrical signal

67
Q

examples of excitatory neurotransmitters

A

acetylcholine and glutamate

68
Q

function of acetylcholine excitatory neurotransmitter

A

opens Na+ channels

69
Q

function of glutamate excitatory neurotransmitter

A

opens Ca2+ channel

70
Q

example of inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

GABA and glycine

71
Q

function of GABA and glycine inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

affects Cl-

72
Q

function of excitatory neurotransmitter

A

action potential being continued

73
Q

function of myelin

A

protects neurons and creates better action potential and ensures signal will go where it needs to

74
Q

what cells are present in myelin

A

schwann cells and oligodendrocytes

75
Q

what cells form myelin

A

glial cells

76
Q

what diseases affect myelin sheaths

A

multiple sclerosis and SIDS

Cell Physiology (16 decks)

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