Test Two gene expression

Question 1

what makes DNA different in each cell

Answer 1

what gene is expressed

Question 2

what are housekeeping genes

Answer 2

code for proteins that all cells need

Question 3

what are specialized genes

Answer 3

code for proteins needed for a particular cell type

Question 4

where are the steps where genes can be controlled

Answer 4

transcriptional control, RNA processing control, RNA transport control, translation control, protein activity control

Question 5

what are the three parts in transcriptional control

Answer 5

promoter, regulatory DNA sequences, and gene regulatory proteins

Question 6

what are promoters

Answer 6

sequence for the binding of RNA polymerase

Question 7

what are regulatory DNA sequences

Answer 7

sites for binding of gene regulatory proteins

Question 8

what are gene regulatory proteins

Answer 8

bind to the regulatory DNA sequences, used to turn genes on and off

Question 9

a bacterial operon contains

Answer 9

promotor, operator, and structural gene

Question 10

where does transcription begin

Answer 10

promoter sequence

Question 11

what is an operator

Answer 11

regulatory DNA sequence

Question 12

purpose of the structural gene

Answer 12

codes for the mRNA

Question 13

what are the two types of operators

Answer 13

repressor operator and activator operator

Question 14

what are repressor operators

Answer 14

turn genes off when bound to specific protein

Question 15

what are activator genes

Answer 15

turn genes on when bound to specific protein

Question 16

what is an example of a repressor operator

Answer 16

tryptophan operator

Question 17

what is an example were both an activator and repressor operator is used

Answer 17

lac operon

Question 18

function of lac operon

Answer 18

produces enzymes to breakdown lactose

Question 19

what is used in transcriptional control in eukaryotes

Answer 19

promoter, enhancers, and structural gene

Question 20

where is the promoter in eukaryotes

Answer 20

before the structural gene

Question 21

the promoter in eukaryotes contains what

Answer 21

TATA box

Question 22

where are enhancers located in eukaryotes

Answer 22

located away from the gene but in multiple locations

Question 23

what is an enhancer

Answer 23

regulatory DNA sequences used instead of operators

Question 24

what is difference between eukaryotes structural gene vs prokaryote

Answer 24

eukaryote only has one structural gene per promoter

Question 25

what is use in the initiation of transcriptions

Answer 25

transcription factors

Question 26

what are the two types of transcription factors

Answer 26

general and specific

Question 27

how are general transcription factors work

Answer 27

assemble with RNA polymerase at the TATA box

Question 28

what are specific transcription factors

Answer 28

gene regulatory proteins that bind to enhancers

Question 29

what can enhancers do with DNA

Answer 29

causes DNA to bend when enhancer binds to activators

Question 30

what is combinational control

Answer 30

enhancer is regulated by a combination of proteins

Question 31

what can be controlled in RNA processing control in eukaryotes

Answer 31

capping and polyadenylation and uses alternative splicing

Question 32

what can be controlled in translation control in eukaryotes

Answer 32

mRNA transport to ribosomes, initiation of translation

Question 33

what can be controlled in protein activity control in eukaryotes

Answer 33

phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, and selective degredation