Test Two Energy Generation Flashcards
Function of carbohydrates for a cell
Fuel source and structural component
What is contained in the structural component of carbohydrates
Glycoproteins and glycolipids
What are the different types of carbohydrates
Polysaccharides, disaccharides, and monosaccharides
Example of polysaccharides
Starch, glycogen, fiber
Example of disaccharide
Sucrose, maltose and lactose
Example of monosaccharide
Glucose, galactose, and fructose
Liver converts what into glucose
Galactose and fructose
What is the digestion of carbohydrates
Breakdown of polysaccharides and disaccharides
Where does the breakdown of carbs occur
In GI then absorbed in the blood
Glucose diffuses from blood to where
Interstitial fluid through the cell membrane
Example of glucose diffusing into cells
Insulin
What organs don’t require insulin
Brain and liver
How does insulin enter into cell
Binds on channel with glucose allowing for insulin to enter
What enzymes are use to phosphorylate glucose and trap inside cell
Hexokinase and glucokinase
Where is hexokinase used
For all cells
Where is glucokinase used
Liver, kidney tubules and intestinal epithelium
Is hexokinase reversible or irreversible
Irreversible
Is glucokinase reversible or irreversible
Reversible
How does glucose exit the liver
Liver dephosphorylates glucose using glucose phosphatase to release it
What is the next step for glucose-6-phosphate
Can be oxidized to make ATP, stored as glycogen,
What is glycogenesis
Make glycogen
What is glycogenolysis
Break down glycogen to form glucose
Glycolysis starts with what
Glucose to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
How much ATP is invested in glycolysis
2 ATP
What is the end product of glycolysis
Pyruvate