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Cell Physiology > Test Two membrane structure > Flashcards

Test Two membrane structure Flashcards

1
Q

function of membrane

A

lipid bilayer of molecules, transport barrier, contains transport channels, flexible, expandable, and repairable

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2
Q

the lipid bilayer contains

A

phospholipids

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3
Q

what is amphipathic

A

membrane layer contains a polar and non polar portion

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4
Q

how is the lipid bilayer favorable

A

forms a ball to increase entropy

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5
Q

how is the lipid bilayer fluid

A

lipid molecules shift within the membrane, rotating and changing places

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6
Q

fluidity of the lipid bilayer depends upon

A

composition of lipid bilayer, packing of lipids by the length of the hydrocarbon tail and degree of saturation, environmental temperature

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7
Q

longer hydrocarbon tails mean what about fluidity

A

less fluidity

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8
Q

degree of saturation talks about what

A

number of hydrogen molecules around a carbon

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9
Q

saturated tails are

A

single bonds, contain more hydrogens and less fluid

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10
Q

unsaturated tails are

A

double bonds, fewer hydrogens, more fluidity, kinked

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11
Q

how does environmental temperature affect fluidity in lipid bilayer

A

affects length and saturation of hydrocarbon tails

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12
Q

what molecule prevents fluidity and enhances permeability barrier

A

cholesterol

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13
Q

what is the function of fluidity

A

cellular interactions, movement of proteins and lipids, fusion and division of membranes

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14
Q

what are the predominant phospholipids

A

phosphoatidylcholine, phosphoatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin

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15
Q

what are scramblases

A

enzyme that causes random movement of lipids from side to another to help equal out growth of bilayer

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16
Q

what are flippases

A

enzymes that cause specific movement of lipids

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17
Q

membrane synthesis occurs where

A

in the endoplasmic reticulum, lipids in SER and proteins in RER

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18
Q

how are glycolipids synthesized

A

so they face outside the cell

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19
Q

what is involved with glycolipid synthesis

A

transporting vesicles, no flippases

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20
Q

what do inositolphospholipids do

A

play a role in direction they are positioned

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21
Q

function of membrane proteins

A

membrane transport, anchors for stability, cell signaling receptors, enzymes for reactions

22
Q

what are transmembrane proteins

A

located through membrane, hydrophillic outside and hydrophobic inside

23
Q

what are membrane associated proteins

A

located in the cytosol only on half the bilayer,

24
Q

structure of membrane associated proteins

A

amphipathic alpha helix on surface of membrane

25
Q

where are lipid linked proteins located

A

outside of the membrane except for the lipid group covalently anchored to membrane

26
Q

what is the anchored lipid in lipid linked proteins

A

glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)

27
Q

how do protein attached proteins work

A

interact to non covalently with a membrane bound proteins and associates them with plasma membrane

28
Q

which membrane proteins are intergral

A

transmembrane, monolayer associated, and lipid linked

29
Q

which membrane proteins are peripheral

A

protein attached

30
Q

how to isolate integral membrane proteins

A

destroy membrane with detergent to gain access to protein

31
Q

how to isolate peripheral membrane proteins

A

membrane intact but remove protein with pH change

32
Q

Describe transmembrane proteins with alpha helix

A

Span membrane, contain hydrophobic on outside and hydrophilic on inside

33
Q

Single pass proteins use how many helices

A

One

34
Q

Single alpha helices for single pass proteins are used for what

A

Cell signaling and receptors

35
Q

Multi pass proteins use how many alpha helices

A

Several

36
Q

Multi pass proteins with several alpha helices are used for

A

Pores

37
Q

Transmembrane proteins using beta barrels are used for what

A

Structure and proteins

38
Q

Cell membrane is strengthened by

A

Protein-attached proteins

39
Q

What forms the cell cortex

A

Fibrous proteins such as spectrin

40
Q

Purpose of spectrin

A

Strengthen the membrane on the cytosolic side and contains multiple binding sites

41
Q

What is an example of a strong cell cortex

A

RBC, has strong cortex to create its shape

42
Q

What is a way to restrict movement of membrane proteins

A

Membrane domains

43
Q

What are some membrane domains

A

Tethers and diffusion barriers

44
Q

What is glycocalyx

A

The cell coat

45
Q

What are the carbohydrates on the cell surface

A

Glycoproteins and proteoglycans

46
Q

Glycoproteins attach to what

A

Oligosaccharides

47
Q

Are glycoproteins short or long

A

Short

48
Q

Proteoglycans attach to what

A

Polysaccharides

49
Q

Are proteoglycans short or long

A

Long

50
Q

Function of carbohydrates on the cell surface

A

Protection from mechanical or chemical damage, lubrication to allow to slip into small or tight spaces, interaction with other cells, recognition

Cell Physiology (16 decks)

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