Test Two membrane structure

Question 1

function of membrane

Answer 1

lipid bilayer of molecules, transport barrier, contains transport channels, flexible, expandable, and repairable

Question 2

the lipid bilayer contains

Answer 2

phospholipids

Question 3

what is amphipathic

Answer 3

membrane layer contains a polar and non polar portion

Question 4

how is the lipid bilayer favorable

Answer 4

forms a ball to increase entropy

Question 5

how is the lipid bilayer fluid

Answer 5

lipid molecules shift within the membrane, rotating and changing places

Question 6

fluidity of the lipid bilayer depends upon

Answer 6

composition of lipid bilayer, packing of lipids by the length of the hydrocarbon tail and degree of saturation, environmental temperature

Question 7

longer hydrocarbon tails mean what about fluidity

Answer 7

less fluidity

Question 8

degree of saturation talks about what

Answer 8

number of hydrogen molecules around a carbon

Question 9

saturated tails are

Answer 9

single bonds, contain more hydrogens and less fluid

Question 10

unsaturated tails are

Answer 10

double bonds, fewer hydrogens, more fluidity, kinked

Question 11

how does environmental temperature affect fluidity in lipid bilayer

Answer 11

affects length and saturation of hydrocarbon tails

Question 12

what molecule prevents fluidity and enhances permeability barrier

Answer 12

cholesterol

Question 13

what is the function of fluidity

Answer 13

cellular interactions, movement of proteins and lipids, fusion and division of membranes

Question 14

what are the predominant phospholipids

Answer 14

phosphoatidylcholine, phosphoatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin

Question 15

what are scramblases

Answer 15

enzyme that causes random movement of lipids from side to another to help equal out growth of bilayer

Question 16

what are flippases

Answer 16

enzymes that cause specific movement of lipids

Question 17

membrane synthesis occurs where

Answer 17

in the endoplasmic reticulum, lipids in SER and proteins in RER

Question 18

how are glycolipids synthesized

Answer 18

so they face outside the cell

Question 19

what is involved with glycolipid synthesis

Answer 19

transporting vesicles, no flippases

Question 20

what do inositolphospholipids do

Answer 20

play a role in direction they are positioned

Question 21

function of membrane proteins

Answer 21

membrane transport, anchors for stability, cell signaling receptors, enzymes for reactions

Question 22

what are transmembrane proteins

Answer 22

located through membrane, hydrophillic outside and hydrophobic inside

Question 23

what are membrane associated proteins

Answer 23

located in the cytosol only on half the bilayer,

Question 24

structure of membrane associated proteins

Answer 24

amphipathic alpha helix on surface of membrane

Question 25

where are lipid linked proteins located

Answer 25

outside of the membrane except for the lipid group covalently anchored to membrane

Question 26

what is the anchored lipid in lipid linked proteins

Answer 26

glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)

Question 27

how do protein attached proteins work

Answer 27

interact to non covalently with a membrane bound proteins and associates them with plasma membrane

Question 28

which membrane proteins are intergral

Answer 28

transmembrane, monolayer associated, and lipid linked

Question 29

which membrane proteins are peripheral

Answer 29

protein attached

Question 30

how to isolate integral membrane proteins

Answer 30

destroy membrane with detergent to gain access to protein

Question 31

how to isolate peripheral membrane proteins

Answer 31

membrane intact but remove protein with pH change

Question 32

Describe transmembrane proteins with alpha helix

Answer 32

Span membrane, contain hydrophobic on outside and hydrophilic on inside

Question 33

Single pass proteins use how many helices

Answer 33

One

Question 34

Single alpha helices for single pass proteins are used for what

Answer 34

Cell signaling and receptors

Question 35

Multi pass proteins use how many alpha helices

Answer 35

Several

Question 36

Multi pass proteins with several alpha helices are used for

Answer 36

Pores

Question 37

Transmembrane proteins using beta barrels are used for what

Answer 37

Structure and proteins

Question 38

Cell membrane is strengthened by

Answer 38

Protein-attached proteins

Question 39

What forms the cell cortex

Answer 39

Fibrous proteins such as spectrin

Question 40

Purpose of spectrin

Answer 40

Strengthen the membrane on the cytosolic side and contains multiple binding sites

Question 41

What is an example of a strong cell cortex

Answer 41

RBC, has strong cortex to create its shape

Question 42

What is a way to restrict movement of membrane proteins

Answer 42

Membrane domains

Question 43

What are some membrane domains

Answer 43

Tethers and diffusion barriers

Question 44

What is glycocalyx

Answer 44

The cell coat

Question 45

What are the carbohydrates on the cell surface

Answer 45

Glycoproteins and proteoglycans

Question 46

Glycoproteins attach to what

Answer 46

Oligosaccharides

Question 47

Are glycoproteins short or long

Answer 47

Short

Question 48

Proteoglycans attach to what

Answer 48

Polysaccharides

Question 49

Are proteoglycans short or long

Answer 49

Long

Question 50

Function of carbohydrates on the cell surface

Answer 50

Protection from mechanical or chemical damage, lubrication to allow to slip into small or tight spaces, interaction with other cells, recognition