Test Four Cell Death Flashcards
What is apoptosis
Programmed cell death
The amount of cell death needs to equal
Cell formation
Apoptosis functions include
Assisting in embryo formation, regulating cell numbers, and balancing cell division with cell death
What is necrosis
Cell death due to injury
Cell death due to apoptosis can cause
Cytoskeleton collapse, breaking up DNA, cell shrinkage and cell surface calls macrophages
What proteases cut up protein
Caspases
What is an activation cascade with apoptosis
Activated caspases active other caspases
What are some death proteins
Bax and Bak
What allows the mitochondrial release of cytochrome C
Bax and Bak
What indirectly activates a procaspase which results in apoptosis cascade
Cytochrome C
What is the extracellular signal that signals for cell death
Fas
What are the life promoting cell proteins
Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL
Function of Bcl-2 proteins
Block Bax and Bak from releasing cytochrome C
Extracellular signals trigger cell..
Growth, division and death
Three classes of extracellular signals
Survival factors, mitogens, growth factors
Function of survival factors
Prevent the triggering of apoptosis
What cells don’t have survival factors
Nerve cells
Where do survival factors bind to
Cell surface receptors
What molecular break does mitogens release
Retinoblastoma protein (Rb)
What phosphorylation the Rb protein
G1-Cdk and G1/S-Cdk
Examples of growth factors
Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and hepatocyte growth factor
PDGF activated by what
Platelets in wounds
Physical growth requires
Extracellular signals
What are some inhibitors of cell growth
Myostatin
Function of myostatin
Inhibits growth and division of myoblasts
