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Cell Physiology > Test Four Cell Death > Flashcards

Test Four Cell Death Flashcards

1
Q

What is apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

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2
Q

The amount of cell death needs to equal

A

Cell formation

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3
Q

Apoptosis functions include

A

Assisting in embryo formation, regulating cell numbers, and balancing cell division with cell death

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4
Q

What is necrosis

A

Cell death due to injury

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5
Q

Cell death due to apoptosis can cause

A

Cytoskeleton collapse, breaking up DNA, cell shrinkage and cell surface calls macrophages

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6
Q

What proteases cut up protein

A

Caspases

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7
Q

What is an activation cascade with apoptosis

A

Activated caspases active other caspases

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8
Q

What are some death proteins

A

Bax and Bak

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9
Q

What allows the mitochondrial release of cytochrome C

A

Bax and Bak

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10
Q

What indirectly activates a procaspase which results in apoptosis cascade

A

Cytochrome C

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11
Q

What is the extracellular signal that signals for cell death

A

Fas

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12
Q

What are the life promoting cell proteins

A

Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL

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13
Q

Function of Bcl-2 proteins

A

Block Bax and Bak from releasing cytochrome C

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14
Q

Extracellular signals trigger cell..

A

Growth, division and death

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15
Q

Three classes of extracellular signals

A

Survival factors, mitogens, growth factors

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16
Q

Function of survival factors

A

Prevent the triggering of apoptosis

17
Q

What cells don’t have survival factors

A

Nerve cells

18
Q

Where do survival factors bind to

A

Cell surface receptors

19
Q

What molecular break does mitogens release

A

Retinoblastoma protein (Rb)

20
Q

What phosphorylation the Rb protein

A

G1-Cdk and G1/S-Cdk

21
Q

Examples of growth factors

A

Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and hepatocyte growth factor

22
Q

PDGF activated by what

A

Platelets in wounds

23
Q

Physical growth requires

A

Extracellular signals

24
Q

What are some inhibitors of cell growth

A

Myostatin

25
Q

Function of myostatin

A

Inhibits growth and division of myoblasts

Cell Physiology (16 decks)

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