Test Four Tissues And Cancer

Question 1

Tissues form from

Answer 1

Cells joining together and extracellular matrix

Question 2

Tissue maintenance consists of

Answer 2

Renewal and repair

Question 3

What are cellulose fibers

Answer 3

Long fibers of polysaccharides

Question 4

Cellulose fibers are formed by

Answer 4

Enzymes in plasma membrane interweaving into cell surface

Question 5

Cellulose microfibrils guided by

Answer 5

Microtubules

Question 6

Animal connective tissue

Answer 6

Tendons, bone and cartilage

Question 7

Structure of collagen

Answer 7

Super helix, collagen fibrils that come together to make fibers

Question 8

What makes collagen

Answer 8

Fibroblasts and osteoblasts

Question 9

What is secreted by collagen fibrils with collagenase

Answer 9

Procollagen

Question 10

Example of defect in collagenase

Answer 10

Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (stretchy skin)

Question 11

How is collagen arranged

Answer 11

Secreted from cell and is put into place

Question 12

What other components are in collagen

Answer 12

Fibronectin and integrins

Question 13

Function of fibronectin in collagen

Answer 13

Grab collagen and bind to cell

Question 14

Function of integrins in collagen

Answer 14

Bind to fibronectin and connect to cell

Question 15

Function of proteoglycans

Answer 15

Link to GACs and resist compression, fills spaces and controls rate of water passage

Question 16

Function of epi

Answer 16

Protective barrier, absorption, secretion and communication

Question 17

Epi consists of

Answer 17

Apical and basal surface

Question 18

Apical surface function

Answer 18

Absorbing, secreting and communication

Question 19

Function of basal surface

Answer 19

Bind cells, anchors

Question 20

Function of intestinal epi

Answer 20

Protective layer

Question 21

Function of absorptive cells

Answer 21

Nutrients

Question 22

Function of goblet cells

Answer 22

Mucous

Question 23

Function of tight junctions

Answer 23

Tight seal, mechanical strength and communication

Question 24

What forms tight junctions

Answer 24

Claudins and occludins

Question 25

Adherin junctions are held together by

Answer 25

Actin and form adhesion belt

Question 26

Desmosome junctions are

Answer 26

Linking intermediate filaments through Cadheirns, link keratin together

Question 27

Hemidesmosomes are

Answer 27

Link with intermediate filaments with integrins by anchoring to basal membrane

Question 28

Cadherins are

Answer 28

Adaptors in between cells

Question 29

Adherin junctions found where

Answer 29

Near top

Question 30

Gap junctions have narrow gaps called

Answer 30

Connexons

Question 31

Can gap junctions open and close

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

Function of gap junctions

Answer 32

Communication

Question 33

Cell to cell adhesion uses

Answer 33

Desmosomes and actin bundles

Question 34

Cell communication occurs

Answer 34

With cells around and gap junctions

Question 35

Are nerve cells replaced

Answer 35

Nope

Question 36

Intestinal epi replaced when

Answer 36

Every couple of days

Question 37

Bone cells replaced

Answer 37

6 years

Question 38

RBCs replaced every

Answer 38

120 days

Question 39

Skin replaced every

Answer 39

2 months

Question 40

Each stem cell can either

Answer 40

Differentiate or remain a daughter stem cell

Question 41

What are hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 41

Potential cells to be anything

Question 42

What cells can we turn into stem cells

Answer 42

Fat and bone cells

Question 43

Causes of mutation

Answer 43

Inheritance, ionizing radiation, mutagens/ carcinogens, viruses

Question 44

Example of preventable cancer

Answer 44

HPV and cervical

Question 45

Somatic mutation

Answer 45

Cancer in mature body

Question 46

Germ line mutation

Answer 46

Unborn situation

Question 47

Damage mutation

Answer 47

Ionizing radiation, mutagen

Question 48

Cancer properties

Answer 48

Enhanced cell proliferation, less of a response, no cell death, genetically unstable, invasive

Question 49

Oncogenes

Answer 49

Genes that are mutated with dangerous result

Question 50

Proto-oncogenes

Answer 50

Normal genes with potential

Question 51

Tumor suppressor genes

Answer 51

Cancer critical genes

Question 52

What causes colorectal cancer

Answer 52

Gene mutation and somatic mutation

Question 53

What gene is missing in colorectal cancer

Answer 53

APC tumor suppressor gene

Question 54

Treatments for cancer

Answer 54

Surgery, radioactive therapy, DNA destroying chemotherapy, choking blood supply, targeting cancer products, immunotherapy