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Cell Physiology > Test Four Tissues And Cancer > Flashcards

Test Four Tissues And Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues form from

A

Cells joining together and extracellular matrix

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2
Q

Tissue maintenance consists of

A

Renewal and repair

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3
Q

What are cellulose fibers

A

Long fibers of polysaccharides

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4
Q

Cellulose fibers are formed by

A

Enzymes in plasma membrane interweaving into cell surface

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5
Q

Cellulose microfibrils guided by

A

Microtubules

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6
Q

Animal connective tissue

A

Tendons, bone and cartilage

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7
Q

Structure of collagen

A

Super helix, collagen fibrils that come together to make fibers

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8
Q

What makes collagen

A

Fibroblasts and osteoblasts

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9
Q

What is secreted by collagen fibrils with collagenase

A

Procollagen

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10
Q

Example of defect in collagenase

A

Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (stretchy skin)

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11
Q

How is collagen arranged

A

Secreted from cell and is put into place

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12
Q

What other components are in collagen

A

Fibronectin and integrins

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13
Q

Function of fibronectin in collagen

A

Grab collagen and bind to cell

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14
Q

Function of integrins in collagen

A

Bind to fibronectin and connect to cell

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15
Q

Function of proteoglycans

A

Link to GACs and resist compression, fills spaces and controls rate of water passage

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16
Q

Function of epi

A

Protective barrier, absorption, secretion and communication

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17
Q

Epi consists of

A

Apical and basal surface

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18
Q

Apical surface function

A

Absorbing, secreting and communication

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19
Q

Function of basal surface

A

Bind cells, anchors

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20
Q

Function of intestinal epi

A

Protective layer

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21
Q

Function of absorptive cells

A

Nutrients

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22
Q

Function of goblet cells

A

Mucous

23
Q

Function of tight junctions

A

Tight seal, mechanical strength and communication

24
Q

What forms tight junctions

A

Claudins and occludins

25
Q

Adherin junctions are held together by

A

Actin and form adhesion belt

26
Q

Desmosome junctions are

A

Linking intermediate filaments through Cadheirns, link keratin together

27
Q

Hemidesmosomes are

A

Link with intermediate filaments with integrins by anchoring to basal membrane

28
Q

Cadherins are

A

Adaptors in between cells

29
Q

Adherin junctions found where

A

Near top

30
Q

Gap junctions have narrow gaps called

A

Connexons

31
Q

Can gap junctions open and close

A

Yes

32
Q

Function of gap junctions

A

Communication

33
Q

Cell to cell adhesion uses

A

Desmosomes and actin bundles

34
Q

Cell communication occurs

A

With cells around and gap junctions

35
Q

Are nerve cells replaced

A

Nope

36
Q

Intestinal epi replaced when

A

Every couple of days

37
Q

Bone cells replaced

A

6 years

38
Q

RBCs replaced every

A

120 days

39
Q

Skin replaced every

A

2 months

40
Q

Each stem cell can either

A

Differentiate or remain a daughter stem cell

41
Q

What are hematopoietic stem cells

A

Potential cells to be anything

42
Q

What cells can we turn into stem cells

A

Fat and bone cells

43
Q

Causes of mutation

A

Inheritance, ionizing radiation, mutagens/ carcinogens, viruses

44
Q

Example of preventable cancer

A

HPV and cervical

45
Q

Somatic mutation

A

Cancer in mature body

46
Q

Germ line mutation

A

Unborn situation

47
Q

Damage mutation

A

Ionizing radiation, mutagen

48
Q

Cancer properties

A

Enhanced cell proliferation, less of a response, no cell death, genetically unstable, invasive

49
Q

Oncogenes

A

Genes that are mutated with dangerous result

50
Q

Proto-oncogenes

A

Normal genes with potential

51
Q

Tumor suppressor genes

A

Cancer critical genes

52
Q

What causes colorectal cancer

A

Gene mutation and somatic mutation

53
Q

What gene is missing in colorectal cancer

A

APC tumor suppressor gene

54
Q

Treatments for cancer

A

Surgery, radioactive therapy, DNA destroying chemotherapy, choking blood supply, targeting cancer products, immunotherapy

Cell Physiology (16 decks)

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