Test Four Cell Cycle And Division

Question 1

In mammal, how long cell divide

Answer 1

1 hour

Question 2

M phase contains both

Answer 2

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 3

Mitosis is

Answer 3

The division of nucleus

Question 4

Cytokinesis is

Answer 4

Division of cytoplasm

Question 5

Interphase contains

Answer 5

S phase, G phases

Question 6

S phase is

Answer 6

Synthesis and replication of nuclear DNA

Question 7

what are the different types of G phases

Answer 7

G, G1, G2

Question 8

The central control system of cell cycle helps

Answer 8

Regulate start of each phase

Question 9

Central control system is regulated by

Answer 9

Feedback using check point

Question 10

Purpose of G1 check point

Answer 10

Extracellular environment

Question 11

G2 checkpoint

Answer 11

DNA damage repair

Question 12

Mitotic checkpoint

Answer 12

Microtubules attached and occurs during middle of mitosis

Question 13

Function of cyclins

Answer 13

Regulation cyclic machine by repeating activation/ inactivation of proteins

Question 14

Cyclins turn off and on by

Answer 14

Binding/ releasing to cyclic dependent kinases

Question 15

What dephosphorylates Cdks

Answer 15

Phosphatases

Question 16

What pushes the cell into the S phase

Answer 16

S cyclins bind to S-Cdk and G1 cyclins binds to C1-Cdk

Question 17

G1 cyclins binds to G1 Cdks to stimulate

Answer 17

Cell division

Question 18

What targets the degredation of cyclin protein

Answer 18

Cyclical proteolysis

Question 19

How are ubiquitin chains added to cyclins

Answer 19

Anaphase promoting complex (APC)

Question 20

Cyclins are directed to proteosomes for destruction by

Answer 20

Ubiquitin chains attaching to cyclins

Question 21

What stops or slows an unprepared cell before the cell cycle

Answer 21

Cdk inhibitors

Question 22

Example of Cdk inhibitor

Answer 22

P27

Question 23

What molecule promotes the cell cycle

Answer 23

Mitogens

Question 24

How to stop the cell cycle

Answer 24

Destroying kinases

Question 25

What binds to the origins of replication to start the S phase

Answer 25

ORC

Question 26

ORC binds to what after binding to origin

Answer 26

Cdc6

Question 27

Function of Cdc6

Answer 27

Causes other proteins to come together to form a pre-replicative complex and start DNA replication

Question 28

What holds sister chromatids together

Answer 28

Cohesin rings

Question 29

If DNA is damaged, what gene regulatory protein is activated

Answer 29

P53

Question 30

Activation of p53 leads to transcription of

Answer 30

P21

Question 31

P21 binds to

Answer 31

G1/S-Cdk and S-Cdk to stop cell cycle from continuing

Question 32

M-Cdk triggers

Answer 32

Chromosome condensation and assembles mitotic spindle

Question 33

What activates M-Cdk

Answer 33

M cyclin

Question 34

How does M cyclin activate M-Cdk

Answer 34

Protein phosphatases that remove inhibitory phosphates

Question 35

Condensins are

Answer 35

Help chromosomes condense by assembling around each chromatid

Question 36

What separates chromosomes

Answer 36

Mitotic spindles

Question 37

Cytokinesis involves what to divide cytoplasm

Answer 37

Contractile ring made up of myosin and actin

Question 38

M phase consists of

Answer 38

Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis

Question 39

How many centrosomes during mitosis

Answer 39

2 since one is replicated

Question 40

When do centrosomes form asters or radial microtubules

Answer 40

Interphase and beginning mitosis

Question 41

What part of mitotic spindle goes to plasma membrane

Answer 41

Positive end

Question 42

What part of mitotic spindle goes toward centrosome

Answer 42

Negative end

Question 43

Microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) bind and stabilize

Answer 43

Microtubules

Question 44

During Mitosis, MAPs prevent stabilizing by

Answer 44

Being phosphorylated

Question 45

What molecule shrinks microtubules

Answer 45

Catastrophins

Question 46

Do plants have centrosome

Answer 46

Nope

Question 47

What are centrosomes

Answer 47

Where microtubules grow out of

Question 48

What occurs during prophase

Answer 48

Centrosomes move in different directions by microtubules pushing them apart

Question 49

What occurs during prometaphase

Answer 49

Nuclear envelope disappears, microtubules bind to chromosomes

Question 50

What part of microtubules grab center of chromosomes

Answer 50

Kinetochore microtubules

Question 51

What are the three classes of microtubules in mitosis

Answer 51

Aster, kinetochore, and interpolar

Question 52

Function of aster microtubules

Answer 52

Explores

Question 53

Function of kinetochore microtubules

Answer 53

Bind to chromosomes

Question 54

Function of interpolar microtubules

Answer 54

Control mitotic spindle

Question 55

What occurs during metaphase

Answer 55

Chromosomes line up at equator and play tug of war

Question 56

What occurs during anaphase

Answer 56

Sister chromatids pull apart by APC breaking cohesins

Question 57

What separates cohesins

Answer 57

Separase

Question 58

How to activate separase

Answer 58

Securin told by APC to release separase

Question 59

What are the two stages of anaphase

Answer 59

A and B

Question 60

What is anaphase A

Answer 60

Kinetochore microtubules pull apart chromosomes

Question 61

What is anaphase B

Answer 61

Separate the centrosomes

Question 62

What occurs during telophase

Answer 62

Daughter chromosomes separated and vesicles form around

Question 63

What forms the nuclear lamina

Answer 63

Lamins are dephosphorylated

Question 64

What makes the chromosomes decondense during telophase

Answer 64

Nuclear proteins

Question 65

What organelles duplicate during mitosis

Answer 65

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 66

Organelles that don’t duplicated are separated by what for cytokinesis

Answer 66

Microtubules

Question 67

The cleavage furrow forms during what mitotic stage

Answer 67

Anaphase