Chapter Two

Question 1

What are the tenets of the chemistry of life

Answer 1

Based on carbon compounds, requires aqueous solutions, complex chemistry, polymeric molecules, tightly regulated

Question 2

Atoms are the

Answer 2

Smallest particle of en element

Question 3

What is the atomic number

Answer 3

Number of protons in nucleus

Question 4

What are isotopes

Answer 4

Number of neutrons change making element radioactive

Question 5

What is Avogadro’s number

Answer 5

6 x 10^-23 atoms/gram of hydrogen

Question 6

What do we have to worry about with angle bonds

Answer 6

Steric henderance

Question 7

Single bonds share how many electrons

Answer 7

2

Question 8

Double bonds share how many electrons

Answer 8

4

Question 9

What links water molecules together

Answer 9

H bonds

Question 10

What links hydrogen to oxygen in water

Answer 10

Covalent bond

Question 11

Acids release what

Answer 11

Protons

Question 12

Protons from acids that are released form

Answer 12

Hydronium ion

Question 13

Bases do what

Answer 13

Accept protons

Question 14

Monosaccharides use what bond to make polysaccharides

Answer 14

Covalent bonds

Question 15

Example of oligosaccharides

Answer 15

Sucrose, maltose, lactose

Question 16

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 16

Starch, glycogen and fiber

Question 17

Hydrolysis requires what for reaction

Answer 17

Water

Question 18

By product of condensation

Answer 18

Water

Question 19

Function of sugars

Answer 19

Energy, storage, structural support, and cell membrane components

Question 20

How is sugar stored

Answer 20

Glycogen

Question 21

What is the sugar circulating in the blood

Answer 21

Glucose

Question 22

How is glucose trapped inside of cell

Answer 22

Becomes phosphorylated

Question 23

What phosphorylated glucose that is irreversible

Answer 23

Hexokinase

Question 24

What enzyme is used to phosphorylated glucose that is reversible

Answer 24

Glucokinase

Question 25

What is the structure of fatty acids

Answer 25

Long hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail, polar hydrophilic head

Question 26

What is the classification of lipids

Answer 26

Triglycerides, phospholipids and sterols

Question 27

Triglycerides are also known as

Answer 27

Neutral fats

Question 28

Example of sterols

Answer 28

Cholesterol

Question 29

Fatty acids are also called

Answer 29

Amphipathic molecules

Question 30

Are saturated tails straight or kinked

Answer 30

Straight

Question 31

Are unsaturated tails straight or kinked

Answer 31

Kinked

Question 32

Fatty acids are stored as

Answer 32

Triacylglycerol

Question 33

Function of fatty acids

Answer 33

Concentrated food reserve, steroid/ hormones and for cell membranes

Question 34

Fatty acids are transported by

Answer 34

Chylomicrons

Question 35

What enzyme helps lipids into cell

Answer 35

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 36

Fatty acids are used for

Answer 36

Energy or stored

Question 37

What are lipoproteins

Answer 37

Lipid containing droplets to shuttle fats

Question 38

Are peptide bonds covalent or non covalent

Answer 38

Covalent

Question 39

Function of nucleotides

Answer 39

Energy in form of ATP and formation of DNA/RNA

Question 40

Condensation reaction forms

Answer 40

Peptides

Question 41

Noncovalent bonds control what

Answer 41

Shape

Question 42

Weak non covalent bonds cause

Answer 42

Conformation

Question 43

What are the non colalent bonds

Answer 43

Ionic, h bond, van der waals, hydrophobic

Question 44

Human body contains how many cells

Answer 44

10^13

Question 45

How many different type of cells

Answer 45

Over 200

Question 46

What is the total amount of body of water

Answer 46

42 liters

Question 47

Extracellular fluid makes up how much fluid in body

Answer 47

14 L

Question 48

How many liters of fluid in body make up intracellular fluid

Answer 48

28 L

Question 49

Capillary membrane is what type of barrier

Answer 49

Semi-permeable

Question 50

Cellmembranes have what type of barrier

Answer 50

Selective