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Cell Physiology > Chapter Two > Flashcards

Chapter Two Flashcards

1
Q

What are the tenets of the chemistry of life

A

Based on carbon compounds, requires aqueous solutions, complex chemistry, polymeric molecules, tightly regulated

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2
Q

Atoms are the

A

Smallest particle of en element

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3
Q

What is the atomic number

A

Number of protons in nucleus

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4
Q

What are isotopes

A

Number of neutrons change making element radioactive

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5
Q

What is Avogadro’s number

A

6 x 10^-23 atoms/gram of hydrogen

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6
Q

What do we have to worry about with angle bonds

A

Steric henderance

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7
Q

Single bonds share how many electrons

A

2

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8
Q

Double bonds share how many electrons

A

4

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9
Q

What links water molecules together

A

H bonds

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10
Q

What links hydrogen to oxygen in water

A

Covalent bond

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11
Q

Acids release what

A

Protons

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12
Q

Protons from acids that are released form

A

Hydronium ion

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13
Q

Bases do what

A

Accept protons

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14
Q

Monosaccharides use what bond to make polysaccharides

A

Covalent bonds

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15
Q

Example of oligosaccharides

A

Sucrose, maltose, lactose

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16
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch, glycogen and fiber

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17
Q

Hydrolysis requires what for reaction

A

Water

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18
Q

By product of condensation

A

Water

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19
Q

Function of sugars

A

Energy, storage, structural support, and cell membrane components

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20
Q

How is sugar stored

A

Glycogen

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21
Q

What is the sugar circulating in the blood

A

Glucose

22
Q

How is glucose trapped inside of cell

A

Becomes phosphorylated

23
Q

What phosphorylated glucose that is irreversible

A

Hexokinase

24
Q

What enzyme is used to phosphorylated glucose that is reversible

A

Glucokinase

25
Q

What is the structure of fatty acids

A

Long hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail, polar hydrophilic head

26
Q

What is the classification of lipids

A

Triglycerides, phospholipids and sterols

27
Q

Triglycerides are also known as

A

Neutral fats

28
Q

Example of sterols

A

Cholesterol

29
Q

Fatty acids are also called

A

Amphipathic molecules

30
Q

Are saturated tails straight or kinked

A

Straight

31
Q

Are unsaturated tails straight or kinked

A

Kinked

32
Q

Fatty acids are stored as

A

Triacylglycerol

33
Q

Function of fatty acids

A

Concentrated food reserve, steroid/ hormones and for cell membranes

34
Q

Fatty acids are transported by

A

Chylomicrons

35
Q

What enzyme helps lipids into cell

A

Lipoprotein lipase

36
Q

Fatty acids are used for

A

Energy or stored

37
Q

What are lipoproteins

A

Lipid containing droplets to shuttle fats

38
Q

Are peptide bonds covalent or non covalent

A

Covalent

39
Q

Function of nucleotides

A

Energy in form of ATP and formation of DNA/RNA

40
Q

Condensation reaction forms

A

Peptides

41
Q

Noncovalent bonds control what

A

Shape

42
Q

Weak non covalent bonds cause

A

Conformation

43
Q

What are the non colalent bonds

A

Ionic, h bond, van der waals, hydrophobic

44
Q

Human body contains how many cells

A

10^13

45
Q

How many different type of cells

A

Over 200

46
Q

What is the total amount of body of water

A

42 liters

47
Q

Extracellular fluid makes up how much fluid in body

A

14 L

48
Q

How many liters of fluid in body make up intracellular fluid

A

28 L

49
Q

Capillary membrane is what type of barrier

A

Semi-permeable

50
Q

Cellmembranes have what type of barrier

A

Selective

Cell Physiology (16 decks)

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