Bonds Flashcards
Reason for bonds
atoms want to bind with other atoms to gain a full shell
what are ionic bonds
transfer of electrons
when are ionic bonds formed
when only one or two electrons are required for stabilization
example of ionic bond
sodium chloride
what are covalent bonds
sharing of electrons
two different types of covalent bonds
polar and non polar
what is a polar covalent bond
shared unevenly
what is a nonpolar covalent bond
share electrons evenly
what type of bond length do you want in a bond
optimal
characteristic of bond length
it is the same length for that specific molecule
why are enzymes needed for bonds
they can break or form them
what is the strongest bond type
covalent
what is the weakest bond type
hydrogen
what determines strength for chemical bonds
amount of energy to break a bond
single bonds share how many electrons
2
double bonds share how many electrons
4
characteristic of single bond
more flexibility, movement, and rotation
characteristic of double bond
shorter, less flexibility, movement and rotation
during polar covalent bond, what is created
permanent dipoles
what is a hydrogen bonds
polar covalent bonds link hydrogen and oxygen in water
what bond links water molecules together
weak non-covalent bonds, this creates the liquidity of water
hydrogen bonds create what type of fit
complimentary
characteristic of hydrophilic bonds
polar bonds, dissolve easily in water
example of hydrophilic bonds
alcohols, DNA and proteins
characteristic of hydrophobic bonds
uncharged, do not mix well with water
examples of hydrophobic bonds
oil, lipids
what are the four major molecules in cells
sugars, fatty acids, amino acids and nucleotides
what is the function of the four major molecules in cells
building blocks, energy source, and structural support
sugars form what larger molecules
polysaccharides
fatty acids form what larger molecules
fats, lipids, membranes
amino acids form what larger molecules
proteins
nucleotides form what larger molecules
nucleic acids
polar molecules form what
acids and bases
characteristic of acids
release protons to become hydronium ion (H30+)
example of strong acids
HCl
example of weak acid
acetic acid
characteristic of bases
accept protons and creates -OH molecule
example of strong base
NaOH
example of weak base
ammonium
