Test One Second Year: Rivers Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 3 stages of a river

A

Youth stage,mature stage and old stage

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2
Q

Define the word erosion

A

It is the wearing away of material from the surface.

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3
Q

Explain the term transportation

A

It is the removing of material that has been eroded

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4
Q

What is deposition

A

It is the dropping of material that has been transported

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5
Q

What is hydraulic action

A

It’s the physical force of moving water that wears away and breaks of the rock and soil from the banks and bed of the river

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6
Q

What is abrasion

A

It’s when the materials carried by the river wear away the bank of the river

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7
Q

Define the term attrition

A

It is when small stones in a river are broken up as they hit of each other

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8
Q

Explain the term solution

A

Rock such as limestone and soil that are dissolved by acid in the water

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9
Q

What is solution

A

It’s when other materials dissolve in the water and are carried away by the river

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10
Q

What is river deposition

A

It’s when rivers deport or drop there load

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11
Q

What is a V-Shaped valley

A

A V-Shaped valley is a steep-sided valley in the shape of a V. It is shaped by vertical erosion

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12
Q

What are interlocking spurs

A

Interlocking spurs are areas of high ground that jut out at both sides of the V-shaped valley

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13
Q

Describe a waterfall

A

A waterfall is a vertical drop in the causes of a river found in the youthful stage

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14
Q

Give me an example of a waterfall

A

Tore. Co Kerry

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15
Q

What are the processes of a waterfall

A

Erosion: hydraulic action,abrasion,attrition and solution

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16
Q

How does a waterfall form

A

It is formed where a band of hard rock on top of a band of softer rock. Over thousands of years the softer rock is eroded quicker than the hard rock by the process of hydraulic action and abrasion. Overtime the slope becomes steeper and a waterfall is formed. As water drops over the waterfall it carries its land with it . This helps the waterfall to erode a deep hole called a plunge pool. The falling water cuts under the waterfall to form an over hang of hard rock which eventually collapses. This process repeats itself so that the waterfall retreats upstream to form a garge

17
Q

What’s an example of a meander

A

The river Shannon

18
Q

What process are involved in meanders

A

Erosion(hydraulic action) and Deposition

19
Q

What is an oxbow lake and give me an example of one

A

An oxbow lake is a horseshoe-shaped lake that form when a meander is cut off from the river
Eg. The rivers Liffey and Moy

20
Q

What is a levees

A

A levees is a build up of alluvium on the banks of a river. Levees are caused by floods

21
Q

What are two examples of a levees

A

The river Moy and Liffey

22
Q

What are the processes of levees

A

Deposition

23
Q

How are levees formed

A

The river carries a large load of sediment know as alluvium. During floods the river spreads out on both sides and deposits the land it’s carrying. The heaviest material is dropped of first. Over time a thick layer of alluvium builds up on flat land by the river. This is the flood plain. The alluvium makes the soil very fertile and generally good for farming. The highest point reached by the river when in the flood is called a bluff line

24
Q

Name 2 land forms you find in the lower stage

A

Waterfalls and v-shaped valleys

25
Q

Name 2 land forms you find in the middle stage

A

Meanders and Oxbow lakes

26
Q

Name 2 land forms you find in the old stage

A

Flood plains and Levees