Soil

Question 1

Name the 4 layers of soil

Answer 1

Humus
Topsoil
Subsoil
Parent rock/Bed rock

Question 2

Name 4 types of soils

Answer 2

Brown earth soil
Podzol soil
Grey soil
Peaty soil

Question 3

Tell me about brown earth soil

Answer 3

Most common in Ireland
Found in lowland areas
Even loads of sand and clay equal loom soil
Developed on boulder clay
Fertile
Deciduous forest developed on this oil producing plant which provides with humus and various leaching occurred, which is very good for agriculture

Question 4

Tell me about podzol soil

Answer 4

Configures forest developed on the soil
NOS common Ireland
Infertile and acidic
Loss of leading due to heavy rainfall
Cold and wet, very little earthworm activity
Found in potty trained areas such as county Galway and Cork

Question 5

Name the five factors of soil formation

Answer 5

• Climate
• Parent material
• Living organisms
• Landscape/relief
• Vegetation
• Time

Question 6

Define the term climate in relation to soil

Answer 6

Broken down by weathering to form mineral matter depending on rainfall plus temperature. Excess rainfall leads to leaching parents rock is broken down by chemical weathering this impact types of vegetation.

Question 7

Define the term patent material

Answer 7

Type of rock broken down my weathering. These provide manners and nutrition forming stones and very fertile.

Question 8

Define the term living organisms in relation to soil

Answer 8

Bacteria, fungi breakdown plant litter in the O horizon. Earthworms break up soil when they die they add nutrition to the soil.

Question 9

Define the term landscape/relief in relation to soil

Answer 9

Upland Soils are thin because of mass movement and poorly drained. Low land soils are deeper rich in humus and fertile.

Question 10

Define the term vegetation in relation to soil

Answer 10

Create plant litter which breaks down humans. Areas with deciduous trees have more plants litter therefore more fertile soils.

Question 11

Define the term time in relation to soil

Answer 11

It can take up to four hundred years for one centimetre of soil to form because the process is so slow. As soil is a non-renewable resource

Question 12

Define the term loam

Answer 12

It is an even mixture of soil slit and clay. Soft and texture and they break up easily and are ideal for growing crops.

Question 13

Define the term mineral matter

Answer 13

Main ingredient in soil is rock particles weathered and eroded. Provide mineral to help plants grow.

Question 14

Define the term air in relation to soil

Answer 14

Fills Space between particles and contains oxygen and nitrogen. Living organisms need it to survive.

Question 15

Define the term water in relation to soil

Answer 15

Help bind soil together. Minerals dissolved in water absorbed through the root of plants.

Question 16

What is humus?

Answer 16

Jelly substance – forms when plants and animals decay. Binds soil together providing nutrients that makes soil fertile.

Question 17

Define the term living organisms

Answer 17

It’s home to many living things which help breakdown organic matter forming humus also mixes soil earthworm

Question 18

What is a soil profile?

Answer 18

A soil profile is a cross-section of a different layer of soil. Each layer is called a horizon.

Question 19

Tell me about the O horizon

Answer 19

Home to organic plant matter and plant litter equal humus

Question 20

Tell me about the a horizon

Answer 20

Where organisms in live and is usually decorated in the other layers because it is the highest humus content. It’s very fertile.

Question 21

Tell me about the B horizon

Answer 21

Light and colour as less humus. It has more rocks and closer to the bedrock

Question 22

Tell me about the C horizon

Answer 22

Bedrock/parent material. Solid rock in the upper layer. It is made up of rock particles.

Question 23

Define the term natural vegetation

Answer 23

Natural vegetation refers to any plants or trees that grow on their own without any form of human interference

Question 24

What are the benefits of deep fertile soil?

Answer 24

Sensibility to support our wide range of meditation because I have high nutrition content