Test 4 Flashcards
What does settlement mean
Settlement refers to where people live. The places where settlements are built and the services (or functions) that settlements provide change over time. The growth of towns and cities (settlement) is called urbanisation
Define the term altitude
Altitude refers to the height of a place above sea level. Little settlement occurs in upland areas
Define the term aspect
Aspect refers to the direction in which a place is facing. In the northern hemisphere houses usually face the south to catch more sunlight
What is drainage
Drainage refers to the natural removal of water from an area. Lots of settlement occurs near rivers
Define the term slope
Slope refers to when land is slanted rather than flat. When land is very sloped it is said to be steep.
Settlement usually occurs on low-lying, flat land. Little settlement occurs on slopes. It is difficult to build any type of infrastructure on slopes.
What does shelter mean
Shelter is protection from weather by tree’s mountains or other natural features
Define the term linear
Linear is when settlement is in a line along a road. It is also called ribbon settlement
What is nucleated
This is when settlements are grouped together. It is also called clustered settlement
Define the term dispersed
This is when settlements are spread out randomly scattered
Define the term urbanisation
Urbanisation is the increase in the number of people living in towns and cities. This causes a growth in the size and number of towns and cities.
What are some causes of urbanisation
The Industrial Revolution caused more people to move to cities in search of work in factories. Terraced houses were built for the labours working in nearby factories
Name 6 effects of urbanisation
Traffic congestion,urban sprawl,urban decay,crime,pollution,housing
Define the term traffic congestion
The movement of people within an urban area on a daily basis can lead to traffic congestion..
Who are commuters
Commuters are people who travel to and from work by car, bus or train.
Define the term urban sprawl
Urban sprawl is the rapid spread of housing from the cities outwards into the countryside. As a result of this, valuable farmland and green open spaces are taken over by roads and houses.
Define the term urban decay
Many places in the city centre are derelict sites. This means they have been abandoned and have fallen into disrepair.
What are buses and OBC’s
Buses get to the city faster as they use OBC’s which is also known as the quality bus corridors also known as a bus lane
Give me an example of the light rail system
The DART (Dublin area rapid transit) is an example of light rail system
Give me an example of the tram system
The lúas is a tram system
Name and explain 3 road improvements
Ring roads mean cars don’t have to go through town centres,roundabouts allow traffic to move more freely and traffic lights make junctions safer
Define the term primate city
A primate city is a city that is at least twice as big as the second biggest city in the same country. Dublin is a primate city because it is about five times as big as Cork.
Define the term nodal point
A nodal point is a location where different routes meet. It is also known as a route focus. These routes can be road networks, rail lines, rivers or canals.
Define the term bridging point on a river
A bridging point is a place where it is easiest to cross a large river.
Define the term coastal
Sheltered harbours, trade and fishing attracted people to coastal locations.
Define the term relief
Relief describes the height, the aspect and the slope of an area.
Define the term defence
Defence refers to ways in which people protect themselves from attack.
Castles were often built by the Normans.
Name 5 things that affect the situation of settlement
Nodal point, Bridging point on a river, Coastal, Relief, Defence
Name 5 things that affect the height for settlement
Altitude, Aspect, Drainage, Slope, Shelter
Who were the pre Christian’s
The first settlers who came to Ireland chose sites for: Water,Food,Defence,Communications. They set up cairn
Who were the Celtic people
The Celts arrived in Ireland around 500 BCE. They built small farming settlements. They also built Fulacht fias
Who were the early Christian’s
Monasteries were built by monks after Saint Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland in the fifth century. They also built holy wells
Who were the Vikings
The Vikings came to Ireland from Scandinavia around 800
CE.
Who were the Norman’s
The Normans invaded Ireland in the twelfth century.They built great castles along the banks of rivers.
What was the plantation
British people came to Ireland and set up towns. They built bawns
Explain the term market
Some towns developed as markets for farmers and traders to sell their goods. Eg. Mullingar, Co. Westmeath
Explain the term Defence
Some settlements began on an easily defended site such as a river. Eg. Fethard, Co. Tipperary
Explain the term Resource
Some towns developed around an area with a natural resource, such as coal. Eg. Navan, Co. Meath (zinc mine)
Explain the term Industrial
Some towns have a long association with a particular industry. Today industrial estates provide employment for people. Eg. Douglas, Cork
Explain the term Transport
Some towns developed at bridging points because people had to come there to cross the river. All towns today provide transport services for people. Eg. Athlone, Co. Westmeath
