Test four

Question 1

Insulin functions

Answer 1

Increase the rate of glucose transport into cells
Restore the ability to metabolize carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Promote storage of glucose in the liver
Convert glycogen into fat stores

Question 2

(biguanides)**

Answer 2

Suppress glucose output by the liver

Question 3

(sulfonylureas)

Answer 3

Stimulate insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells

Question 4

(meglitinides)

Answer 4

Stimulate secretion of pro-insulin by beta cells

Question 5

(thiazolidinediones)

Answer 5

Reverse insulin resistance through increased glucose utilization in muscle and fat

Question 6

(alpha-glucosidase inhibitors)

Answer 6

Inhibit conversion of complex carbohydrates into simple sugars in the gut; net effect - slowed absorption of glucose after meals

Question 7

(gliptins/DPP-4 inhibitors)

Answer 7

Inhibit glucagon release; net effect – increased insulin secretion, decreased gastric emptying, decreased blood glucose

Question 8

(Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 [SGLT-2] inhibitors)

Answer 8

Cause kidneys to remove glucose from the body through the urine

Question 9

Metformin, specifically

Answer 9

Metformin acts by decreasing glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol production in the liver, decreasing glucose absorption in the gut, and increasing targeted cells insulin sensitivity.

Question 10

What does desmopressin do?

Answer 10

Acts as ADH and also increases release of factor VIII for hemophilia A

Don’t give if creatinine clearance is 50 or less